基于51单片机便携式心率测试仪的研究与设计

基于单片机的便携式心率测试仪的设计

系部名称： 电气与信息工程学院

专业班级： 测控技术与仪器082班 学生姓名： 李强国 指导教师： 胡文静 职 称： 教 授

哈尔滨理工大学 二○一三年七月

哈尔滨理工大学本科生毕业设计

摘 要

心率测量仪在我们的日常生活中已经得到了非常广泛的应用。为了提高心率测量仪的简便性和精确度，本设计计了一种基于51单片机的心率测量仪。系统以AT89S51单片机为核心，以红外发光二极管和光敏三极管为传感器，并利用单片机系统内部定时器来计算时间，由光敏三极管感应产生脉冲，单片机通过对脉冲累加得到脉搏跳动次数，时间由定时器定时而得。系统运行中能显示脉搏次数和时间，系统停止运行时，能够显示总的脉搏次数和时间,在脉搏数超过设定上下限时蜂鸣器报警。经测试，系统工作正常，达到设计要求。

关键词：心率测量仪；AT89S51单片机；红外发光二极管；光敏三极管；蜂鸣器。

I

哈尔滨理工大学本科生毕业设计

ABSTRACT

Heart rate measuring instrument in our daily lives has been widely used. In order to improve the pulse measuring instrument is simple and accurate, the design method based on 51 single chip Heart rate measuring instrument. System based on the AT89S51 single-chip microcomputer as the core, with the infrared emitting diode and a photosensitive triode sensor three, and the use of MCU internal timer to calculate time, a photosensitive triode induction pulse three, single chip microcomputer based on pulse accumulation by pulse number, and time by the timer timer. System can display the pulse frequency and duration, the system stops running, can display the total pulse frequency and duration, the pulse number exceeds the set upper and lower limit alarm buzzer. After testing, the system is working properly, achieves the design requirements.

Key words: Heart rate measuring instrument;AT89S51 single chip microcomputer;Infrared emitting diode;A three transistor;Buzzer.

II

哈尔滨理工大学本科生毕业设计

目 录

摘 要 .............................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... II 第1章 引 言............................................................................................... 3

1.1 概述 ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 基于单片机的心率测试仪的发展与应用 ................................................................... 4 1.3 设计说明书内容 ........................................................................................................... 5

第2章 整体方案分析 ...................................................................................... 6

2.1 任务 ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 要求 ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 设计时要考虑的问题 ................................................................................................... 6 2.3.1 环境光对脉搏传感器测量的影响 ............................................................................ 6 2.3.2 电磁干扰对脉搏传感器的影响 ................................................................................ 7 2.3.3 测量过程中运动噪声的影响 .................................................................................... 7 2.4 系统基本方案 ............................................................................................................... 7 2.4.1脉搏传感器部分 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.4.3 显示部分 .................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 整体方案 ....................................................................................................................... 9

第3章 硬件电路设计分析 ............................................................................ 11

3.1 控制器 ......................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 AT89C51 的结构 ................................................................................................... 12 3.2 脉搏信号采集 ............................................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 光电传感器的结构及原理 .................................................................................. 15

图3.2 透射式光电传感器图 .......................................................................... 15

3.2.2 信号采集电路 ...................................................................................................... 15 3.3 信号放大 ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.4波形整形电路.............................................................................................................. 17

哈尔滨理工大学本科生毕业设计

3.5单片机处理电路.......................................................................................................... 18 3.6 显示电路 ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.6.1 LED 的综述 ......................................................................................................... 20 3.6.2 LED 的结构 ...................................................................................................... 20 3.6.3 LED数码管的显示方法 ........................................................................................ 20

3.7 本章总结 .................................................................................................... 21 第四章 软件系统........................................................................................... 22

4.1主程序流程：.............................................................................................................. 22 4.2定时器中断程序流程： .......................................................................................... 22 4.3 INT中断程序流程： .............................................................................................. 23 4.4显示程序流程： ...................................................................................................... 23 4.5软件说明...................................................................................................................... 24

结束语 ............................................................................................................... 25 参考文献 ........................................................................................................... 26 致 谢 ........................................................................................................... 28 附 录 ........................................................................................................... 29

附录A STATEFLOW原理图 ............................................................................................. 29 附录B SIMULINK原理图 ................................................................................................ 30 附录C BOILER PLANT MODEL SIMULINK图 ..................................................................... 31 附录D STATEFLOW子状态仿真图 ................................................................................. 32 附录E STATEFLOW的模型查看器 ................................................................................. 34 附录F STATEFLOW 的仿真结果及生成的源代码 ......................................................... 35 附录G 英文文献翻译 .................................................................................................... 42

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