也许你会发现这个词根的意思与我们前面学过的词根fer---的意思正好相同。就好像在英语中有些不规则动词的各种形态相去甚远一样,拉丁语中也存在这种现象。lat---正是不规则动词ferre的动名词词干。由于lat---与fer---在形式上大相径庭,而lat---在英语中的孽生能力也相当强,所以这里我们将它单独当做一个词根处理。 translate v. [trans---(from?to?, 从?到?)+---lat(to carry, 携, 送)+---e]
〓to carry an idea from a language to another language, 把意思从一种语言传送到另一种语言
→to change (speech or writing) from one language into another, 翻译;解释
The masterpiece of Chinese literature “The Dream of the Red Mansion” was translated into English by Mr. Yang Xianyi and his English wife.
《红楼梦》这本书是由杨先益先生和他的英国妻子戴乃迪女士翻译成英文的。 同族词:translation n. 翻译,译文 translator n. 翻译者,译员 translative a. 翻译的
relat v. [re---(back, again, 回,再)+---lat---(to bring, 带)+---e] 〓to bring back in mind by saying something again, 重谈某事使其重回头脑 →to tell, 叙述:to see or show a connection between, 发现或表现?之间的联系 I don’t relate those two proposals. 我看这两种意见没什么联系。 同族词:relation n. 联系,关系,叙述 relative a. 相关的 n. 亲戚,关戚词 collate v. [col---(=com---(together, 一起)+---lat---(to bring, 拿)+---e)] 〓to bring things together for comparison, 把某事拿在一起以便比较
→examine and compare the copies of books (or notes etc.) in order to find the differences between them, 校对;核对
I’m going to collate this new version of the book with an earlier one to see what changes have been made.
我打算把这个新版本与老版本校对一下,看看哪些地方改动了。 同族词:collation n. 核对 collator n. 校对者 delate v. [de---(表示强调)+---lat(---to bring, 带,提)+---e] 〓to bring a report against someone, 提出反对某人的报告 →charge with a crime, 控告,告发 We delated a bribery of public official. 我们揭发了一起公务人员接受贿赂案。 同族词:delation n. 提发,公开
练习十七
1. 用ob---, pre---, pro---三个前缀和一些你知道的后缀与本节词根组字。看看你能组成
多少个词?
2. 比较下列词义: confer -------collate inference -------illation refer -------relate transfer -------translate 18. 词根leg---, lig---, lect---
词根leg---, lig---, lect---均来自拉丁动词legare, 含义相当于英语中的to choose(选择),sellect(挑选)或to pick(挑拣)。其中leg---是这个动词的不定式词干,lig---是leg---音变形式,lect---是动名词词干。在这三个同源异形词根中,要数lect---的派生能力最强,它派生出的单词也最多。 collect v. [col---(=com---(together, 一起)+---lect(to choose, 选择))] 〓t choose together, 选到一起来 →to gather together, 收集;assemble, 集合 She likes to collect stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 同族词:collection n. 收集,集合 collectable a. 可收集的 collector n. 收集者 collective a. 聚集的,集体的 elect v. [e---(=ex)(out, 出)+---lect(to pick, 挑选)] 〓pick out for office by vote, 选举 They elected him as monitor of the class. 他们推举他为班长。 同族词:election n. 选举,当选 elector n. 有选举权的人 electorate n. 全体选民,选民区 elective n. 选任的,有选举权的 intellectual a. & n.
[intel---(=inter---)(between, 在?之间)+---lect---(to choose, 选择)+---ual(relating to, 与?有关的)]
〓relating to the ability of choosing the better or best between many things, 从许多事物中选出最佳或较好的能力的
→(1)a. relating to mental power, 理智的,智力的 Yesterday he took part in an intellectual contest. 昨天他参加了一场智力竞赛。
(2)n. a person who works and lives by his mind, 智者,知识分子 Most voters considered the candidate as an intellectual.
大多数投票人认为该候选人是个知识分子。 同族词:intellectuality n. 理智性 intellectualism n. 智力活动
elegant a. [e---(=ex---)(out, 出)+---leg---(to choose, 挑选)+---ant(being, ?的)] 〓being choosen out from a, 众里挑一的 →excellent, 优秀的;graceful, 雅致的;refined, 优美的 Her behavior is elegant and her speech is proper. 她举止优雅,言语得当。 同族词: elegance n. 优雅 elegancy n. 雅致,优美 elegantly adv. 雅致地,优美地
intelligent a.
[intel-(=inter---)(between, 在?之间)+---lig---(to choose, 选择)+---ent(having the quality of, 具有?能力的)]
〓having the ability to choose the better or best between many things, 具有从许多事物中选优择善能力的
→having or showing powers of reasoning or unhderstanding, 具有或表现出推理或理解能力的,智力的,聪明的
Human being probably are the most intelligent animal. 人也许是动物中最聪明的。 同族词:intelligence n. 智力,聪明,情报,谍报 intelligential a. 智力的,传送情报的 intelligentsia n. 知识界,知识分子的总体
练习十八
1. 根据所学知识推出下列单词的词义并对照字典检查是否正确: elective lecture legend selectivity intelligent lectural predilection selection 2. 同义相连: recollect 理智,智力 negligible 杰出人物,精华 elite 偏好,偏爱 selectee 回忆,追忆 predilection 集体主义者 analects 论集,文选
19. 词根log---, logue---
词根log---, logue---来源于希腊名词logis, 原义与现代英语中的speech或reason相当,即“说话”或“推理”之义。logue---是异形词根,是log---在词尾时的拼写形式,与log---发音相同。 logic n.
[log---(reason, 推理)+---ic(the science or way of, ?的方法或学问)] 〓the science or way of reasoning correctly, 正确推理的方法或学问,逻辑学 There’s no logic in spending money on useless things. 无故乱花钱是毫无道理的。 同族词:logical a. 逻辑的,符合逻辑的 logician n. 逻辑学
dialogue n. [dia---(between, 在?之间)+---logue(speech, 谈话)] 〓speech between two persons, 两人之间的谈话
→conversation which examines difference of opinion as between leaders, 诊查不同观的首脑之间的会谈,对话
It is popular that in international affairs people solve dispute through dialogures. 用对话的方式来解决国际争端的观念已被广泛接受。 同族词:dialogic a. 对话的 dialogist n. 对话者 prologue n. [pro---(before, 前)+---logue(speech, 话语)] 〓speech or words before a play or a long poem, 戏剧或长诗的开场白 He’s only written a prologue to the new work. 他仅为这部著作作了一个开场白。 同族词:prologize v. 作序言,作开场白,作序诗
apologize v. [apo---(away, off离开)+---log(speech, 话语)+---ize(to make, 做)] 〓to make a speech off (after an offence)(在犯了失误之后)说一些借以开脱的话 →to express regret for a fault or offence 道歉 He apologized to her for being hot-tempered. 他因脾气暴躁,而向她道歉。 同族词:apology n. 道歉 apologetic a. 道歉的 apologia n. 辩解;自辩书
练习十九 1. 请指出sociology, theology, catalogue, illogic中都有的共同部分,并解释其含义。 2. 现已知monarch是“独断的统治者”之意,它与---a---logue结合后词义如何? 3. 不查词典,根据这一节所学的关于“说”的词根,你能将下列句子译成汉语吗? a)The study of social structure and functioning is called sociology. b)Honest people usually dislike vulgar eulogy. c)She doesn’t like the epilogue of the novel. 20. 词根man---, manu---
汉语中与“手”有关系的字,往往都用提手旁来表示,无独有偶,英语中也有表示“手”的词根,本节要学的这两个词根是来自拉丁名词manus的词干部分的词根,man---和加上连接字母---u---,意义都等于英语的“hand(手)”。下面让我们来分析几个常见的与“手”
有关联的单词。 manual a. & n. [manu---(hand, 手)+---al(of, ?)的] 〓done or used by hand, 用手的 →(1)a. using hands, 用手的 Manual workers often earn more than office workers. 手工劳动者通常比办公室工作的人员挣得多。
(2)n. a small book of teaching information about something, hand book 说明书,手 册
You need a driver manual. 你需要一本驾驶手册。 manage v. [man---(hand, 手)+---age(to make or do, 做)] 〓to do by hand, 用手做的 →(1)to control(esp. business, driving horse), 控制(尤指营业、驾驶) He was not able to manage his horse who threw him to the field. 他驾驭不了他的马,马把他扔到了地上。 (2)to deal with something by skill. 管理,料理,应付 The woman manager manages the money very well. 这位女经理很善于理财。 同族词:manager n. 管理人,经理 management n. 安排,管理 manageable n. 易操纵的,易管理的
manner n. [man---(=man---(hand, 手,引深为to do, 做)+---er(the mood of, ?的方式,状态))] 〓the mood of doing or acting, 行为方式 →(1)the way in which something is done, 行为方式 It’s easy to cook, you just do it after the manner of your wife. 烹饪的活儿很简单,你只需要照着你夫人的方式做便可以了。 (2)personal style of acting, 风度,举止 Her manner revealed an aptitude for dancing. 她的举止说明了他有舞蹈的才能。 同族词:mannerless a. 没有礼貌的 mannerism n. 习气 manufacture v. [manu---(hand, 手)+---facture(=fac---)(to make, 制造)] 〓to make by hand, 用手做
→to make or produce by machinery, esp. in large quantities, (尤指大规模地)用机器生产
Many countries sell manufactured goods abroad. 许多国家都向国外出售产品。
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