2015 年 6 月大学英语六级真题试卷三

2015 年 6 月大学英语六级真题试卷三

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way.” You can give one example or twoto illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 与前两套重复 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through thecentre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Travel website have been around since the1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click ofa mouse. With information no longer (36)_________ by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped(37)_________ prices.

Today, the industry is going through a new revolution---this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms (38)_________ in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis--- allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.

Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry(39)_________,but by the very people for whom the service is intended---the customer. This has

(40)_________ a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; They can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more (41)_________ ,often in very specific ways, which creates powerful (42)_________to improve service.

Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys（行李员）in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites' (43)_________ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.

The impact cannot be (44)_________. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and (45)_________ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorite online identity.

A) accountable B) capacity C) controlled D) entail E) forged F)

incentives G) occasionally H) overstated I) persisting J) pessimistic K) professionals L) slash M) specializing N) spectators O) subsequently 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。 Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Plastic Surgery

A better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacks

[A] A thin magnetic stripe（magstripe）is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys. And they have been working hard to break in. That's why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses, and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during the most recent attacks, starting last November.

[B] Swipe（刷卡） is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases in a store. In several research incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-,debit-（借记） or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious

software, inserted secretly into the retailers' point-of-sale system----the checkout the registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminals are operating in shadowy corners of the

web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and being used for online purchases.

[C] The solution could cast as a little as $ 2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a

security technology used heavily outside the U. S. While American credit cards use the 40-years-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world use smarter cards with a technology called EMV （short for Europay, Master Card, Visa）that employs a chip embedded in the car plus a customer PIN （personal identification number）to authenticate（验证） every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the correct PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected.（Online purchases can be made by setting up a separate charge transaction code.）

[D] Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit cards, it's all about the relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nilson Report, an industry newsletter. \number and expiration data, embossing（凸印）it, the small envelope----all pull together, you're in the dollar range.\the price of chips.（Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.）

[E] Multiply $ 3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U. S. Then consider that there's an estimated $ 12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis, says Robertson. With 44% of that in the U. S., American credit-card fraud amounts to about $ 5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic.

[F] That leaves American retailers pretty much along the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases----and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explains payments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology

officer of Credit Call, an electronic-payments company. The first and third are used by the bank or card insurer. You vital account information lives on the second track, which hackers try to capture. Malwre is scanning through the memory in real time and looking for data, \text file that gets stolen.\

[G] Chip-and -PIN cards, by contrast, make fake cards are skimming impossible because the information that gets scanned is encrypted（加密）. The historical reason the U. S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology. Our cheap, ultra-reliable wired networks made credit-card authentication over the phone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was so maddeningly inefficient and expensive. The EMV solution allowed transaction to be verified locally and securely.

[H] Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to a chip-and-PIN model（.It's actually a hybrid（混合体）that you will still have a magstripe, since most U. S. merchants don't have EMV terminals.）Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.

[I] Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someone uses your credit cards, fraudulently（欺诈性的），it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debit cards have different liability limits depending on the bank and the events surrounding any fraud. \bank,\over debit cards because of liability issues.\

[J] Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have been reluctant four years to invest in the new infrastructure（基础设施）needed for the technology, especially if consumers don't have access to it. It's a chicken-and-eggs problem: no one wants to spend the money on upgraded point-of-sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers aren't carrying them----yet there's little point in consumers' carrying the fancy plastic if the stores aren't equipped to use them.（An earlier effort by Target to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.）According to Gumbley, there's a\（僵局）has to be broken.\

[K] JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so, noting that banks and merchants have spent the past decade suing each other over interchangeable fees----the percentage of the transaction price they keep----rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers a chip-enabled card under its own brand and several other for travel-related companies such as British Airways and Ritz-Carlton.

[L] The target and Neiman hacks have also changed the cost calculation: although retailers have been reluctant to spend the $ 6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their rate registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target has been hit with class actions from hacked consumers. %ultimate nightmare,\

[M] The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change. The two firms have warned all parties in the transaction chain----merchant, network, bank---- that if they don't become EMV-compliant by October 2015, the party that is least complaint will bear the fraud risk.

[N] In the meantime, app-equipped smartphones and digital wallets----all of which can be EMV technology----are beginning to make inroad（侵袭）on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is

testing an app that lets you use your mobile phone to pay on the fly at local merchants----without surrounding any card information to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication which could be encrypted with, say, a fingerprint.

[O] Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if we stick with magstripe technology.\English, \a cutting-edge-technology country is depending on a 40-year-old technology.\That's why it may be up to consumers to move the needle on chip and PIN. Says Robertson: \you get the consumer into a position of worry and inconvenience, that's where the rubber hits the road\

(46) It is best to use an EMV for international travel.

(47) Personal information on credit and debit cards is increasingly vulnerable to hacking. (48) The French card companies deported technology partly because of inefficient telephone service.

(49) While many countries use a smarter EMV cards, the U. S. still clings to its old magstripe technology.

(50) Attempts are being made to prevent hackers from carrying out identity theft. (51) Credit cards are much safer to use than debit cards.

(52) Big banks have been reluctant to switch to more secure technology because of the higher costs involved.

(53) The potential liability for retailers using magstripe is far more costly than upgrading their registers.

(54) The use of magstripe cards by American retailers leaves consumers exposed to the risk of losing account information.

(55) Consumers will be a driving force behind the conversion from magstripe to EMV technology. Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You

should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598,000 jobs were slashed from U. S. payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December,1994. With 1.8 billion jobs lost in the last three months, there is a urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.

Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we're doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren't an objective measure of reality; they are simply best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.

Firstly, there is a way the data is assembled, the official unemployment rate is the product of

a telephone survey of about 60,000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the \survey,\that success 400,000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up at two workers. The payroll survey also doesn't capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income.

The household survey has a large problem. When asked straightforwardly people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and asked If you're employed, and you say yes, you're employed, if you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you're only unemployed if you've been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are \ They urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statistics can then capture an objective reality isn't just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimate rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and open mind.

56. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A) The U. S. economic situation is going from bad to worse. B) Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs. C) The U. S. government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls. D) The recent economic crisis has taken the U. S. by surprise.

57. What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics? A) They form a solid basis for policy making. B) They represents the current situation. C) They signal future economic trends. D) They do not fully reflect the reality.

58. One problem with payroll survey is that A) It does not include all the businesses. B) It fails to count in the self-employed. C) It's magnifies the number of the jobless. D) It does not treat all companies equally. 59. The household survey can be faulty in that A) People tend to lie when talking on the phone. B) Not everybody is willing or ready to respond. C) Some people won't provide truthful information. D) The definition of unemployment is too broad. 60. At the end of passage the author suggests that? A) Statisticians improve their data assembling methods. B) Decision makers view the statistics with critical eye. C) Politician listen more before making policy decisions. D) Democrats and Republicans corporate on crucial issues. Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

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