城市配气站工艺设计

城市配气站工艺设计

摘要

天然气一种优质的的矿物质资源，与煤、石油等常规一次能源相比，具有燃烧热值高、清洁、安全、易于运输与储存、经济性好、用途广泛等特点。随着燃气事业的发展，为了满足天然气的大量开采与远距离输送的要求，天然气长输管线、城市配气系统应运而生，而城市配气系统又从配气站开始，天然气在配气站内经过过滤、调压计量、脱水、加臭后，然后通过各级配气管网额气体调压装置保质保量的根据用户要求直接向用户供气。本文通过确定配气站的流程，根据已知条件进行设备计算及选型等任务完成配气站的工艺设计。

本设计的流程为中低压天然气从分别经调压分离、加臭后进入1号汇管或调峰储罐，再经调压后进入2号汇管，从汇管2出来的气体分三个管道流出的气体经过调压，计量后输送至用户1.2.3.

在设备选型方面，分别对管线，汇管，阀门（闸阀、调压阀、安全阀等），分离器，流量计等进行计算并选型，对添味装置以及仪表如压力表，温度计进行比较选型。

关键词：天然气；配气站；工艺流程；工艺设备；

Abstract

A high quality mineral resources of natural gas, compared with the conventional primary energy sources such as coal, oil, and has a high heat of combustion, clean, safe, and easy to transport and storage, good economy, a wide range of uses and so on. With gas career of development, to meet gas of large mining and far distance conveying of requirements, gas long lost pipeline, and city distribution gas system came into being, and city distribution gas system and from distribution gas station began, gas in distribution gas station within after filter, and adjustable pressure measurement, and dehydration, and plus smelly hòu, then through levels distribution tracheal network amount gas adjustable pressure device quality and quantity of according to user requirements directly to user gas. Through this flow of gas distribution stations, according to known conditions for calculation and selection of equipment and other tasks completed process design of gas distribution stations.

The design flow for low pressure gas from, respectively, by regulating after the separation, odorization into manifold 1th or peak tanks, then by pressing enter, 2nd run from the gas manifold 2 three pipe outflow of gas pressure regulating, metering delivered to users after 1.2.3.

In terms of equipment, pipeline separately, manifold, valve (valve, pressure regulating valves, safety valves, etc), separator, flow meters for calculation and model selection, for odorizing devices and meters such as pressure gauges, thermometers compared selection.

Keywords: natural gas distribution station; process equipment;

绪论 .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1设计目的及意义 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2国内外现状及发展趋势 ..................................................................................................... 1 2设计说明书 .................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1设计已知参数及设计内容 ................................................................................................. 2

2.1.1配气站的已知参数 .................................................................................................. 2 2.1.2设计依据及内容 .................................................................................................... 3 2.2可行性研究 ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.3设计参数及设计原则 ........................................................................................................ 3 2.4设计遵循的主要标准及规范 ............................................................................................. 3 2.5技术难点与设计重点 ......................................................................................................... 4

2.5.1难点： ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.5.2关键点 ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.6配气站的工艺要求 ............................................................................................................. 4

2.6.1站址选择 .................................................................................................................. 4 2.6.2站址的安全距离 ...................................................................................................... 4 2.6.3配气站的仪表、设备设置要求： .......................................................................... 5 2.6.4配气站安全 .............................................................................................................. 5

2.6.4.1清扫 ............................................................................................................... 5 2.6.4.2放空 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.6.4.3消防 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.6.4.4报警 ............................................................................................................... 6 2.6.4.5 防腐 ............................................................................................................ 6 2.6.4.6环境保护 ....................................................................................................... 7

2.7配气站主要工艺设备的设计和安装 ................................................................................. 7

2.7.1 管线 ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.7.1.1 管线的选择 ................................................................................................ 7 2.7.1.2 管线的安装 .................................................................................................. 8 2.7.2 汇管 ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.7.3 阀门 ....................................................................................................................... 10

2.7.3.1控制阀 ......................................................................................................... 11 2.7.3.2 阀门安装 .................................................................................................... 11 2.7.4 安全阀 ................................................................................................................... 11

2.7.4.1 安全阀的选择 ............................................................................................ 11 2.7.4.2 安全阀的安装 .......................................................................................... 12 2.7.5 调压器 ................................................................................................................. 13

2.7.5.1 调压器设计原理 ...................................................................................... 13 2.7.5.2 调节阀的安装 .......................................................................................... 13 2.7.6 流量计 ................................................................................................................. 14

2.7.6.1 流量计的选用 .......................................................................................... 14 2.7.6.2 流量计的安装 .......................................................................................... 15 2.7.7 压力仪表 ............................................................................................................. 16

2.7.7.1压力报警仪表 ............................................................................................. 16 2.7.7.2 压力表的安装 .......................................................................................... 16

2.7.8 温度测量仪表 ....................................................................................................... 17 2.7.9分离器 .................................................................................................................... 17 2.7.10添味装置 .............................................................................................................. 17 2.7.11 焊接和法兰连接 ............................................................................................... 18

2.7.11.1 管道施工焊接及法兰连接方法 ............................................................ 18 2.7.11.2 管道常用焊接接头形式及坡口 ............................................................ 18 2.7.12 吹扫与试压 ......................................................................................................... 19

2.7.12.1 吹扫 ........................................................................................................ 19 2.7.12.2 试压 ........................................................................................................ 19 2.7.13配气站工艺流程概述 .......................................................................................... 19

3计算说明书 .................................................................................................................................. 21

3.1已知参数的单位换算及相关假设 ................................................................................... 21

3.1.2压缩系数的计算 .................................................................................................... 21 3.2站内管线选择 ................................................................................................................... 21

3.2.1站内管线管径计算公式 ........................................................................................ 21 3.2.2确定各段的管道壁厚 ............................................................................................ 25 3.3汇管设计 ........................................................................................................................... 27

3.3.1确定汇管直径 ........................................................................................................ 27 3.3.2确定汇管壁厚 ........................................................................................................ 28 3.4分离器的选择计算 ........................................................................................................... 29

3.4.1分离器在操作条件下的体积流量 ........................................................................ 29 3.4.2分离器的直径计算 ................................................................................................ 30 3.5流量计的选择和选型 ....................................................................................................... 31

3.5.1流量计的选择步骤 ................................................................................................ 31 3.5.2流量计的选型计算 ................................................................................................ 31 3.5.2主要参数的确定 .................................................................................................... 32

3.5.2.1天然气的相对密度系数 ............................................................................. 32 3.5.2.2天然气的超压缩系数 ................................................................................. 32 3.5.2.3天然气的温度系数 ..................................................................................... 32 3.5.2.4孔板的开孔直径 ......................................................................................... 33 3.5.2.5可膨胀系数 ................................................................................................. 33 3.5.2.6渐进速度系数 ............................................................................................. 33 3.5.2.7流出系数按下面公式计算 ......................................................................... 34

3.6调压阀的计算 ................................................................................................................... 36

3.6.1.1调压阀的选择步骤 ..................................................................................... 36 3.6.1.2调压阀的选型计算 ..................................................................................... 36

3.3 安全阀 ............................................................................................................................ 39

3.3.1 安全阀的计算 ..................................................................................................... 39

3.3.1.1 最大泄放量的计算 .................................................................................. 40 3.3.1.2 安全阀截面积计算 .................................................................................. 40 3.3.2 安全阀选型 ......................................................................................................... 43

4结论及建议 .................................................................................................................................. 43 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 44 结束语 ............................................................................................................................................ 45

绪论

1.1设计目的及意义

中华人民共和国建立以来，天然气生产有了很大发展。特别是“八五”以来，中国储量快速增长，天然气进入高速发展时期。我国历经80年代初期的解决一次能源（煤炭）短缺问题的阶段以及80年代后期的解决以电力短缺为主的阶段，而本世纪，天然气在能源结构中的地位将快速提升，成为“天然气世纪”。天然气作为一种优质能源，在全球范围内得到普遍发展，他清洁、经济、方便、用途广泛。近几年来，随着我国城市化水平、人民生活水平的迅速提高，对优质一次性能源需求的增大，管输天然气在很多城市已逐渐取代灌装液化气作为城市燃气，作为城市人民生活和工业生产的一种能源。天然气长输管线、城市配气系统应运而生。而城市配气系统又是从配气站开始的，天然气在配气站内经过除尘、调压、计量、添味后，然后通过各级配气管网和气体调压装置保质保量的根据用户要求直接向用户供气。

配气站是必要的，也是必须的。因为从输气干线上来的气压是很高的（西气东输管线上的压力为10MPA）。如果仅是依靠调压箱之类的单独、小型的调压装置，天然气压力是根本不可能达到用户标准的，即使达到也可能花费较多的资金。如果不安装调压器之类的减压装置，非但会因所用管道需加厚管道壁或是所用天然气用具需抗高压设计，造成不必要的经济的浪费，还会对管线或是用具附近居民、建筑物等的安全构成潜在危险（城市内的管道、天然气用具附近是不可能没有人或物的）。且站中的计量设备是该站获取利益的必备设施。

以天然气为城市燃气可以节约能源，减轻城市污染，提高人民生活质量，促进工业生产，提高产品质量，社会综合经济效益显著。发展城市配气，是建设现代化城市必不可少的条件，对加速实现高度物质文明和精神文明的现代化城市具有重要意义。而城市配气站则是必不可少的组成部分。

目前配气站逐步向着标准撬装单元发展，而以后的建设将越来越简单，各种设备将越来越标准化、现代化，建设费用也将降低。发展至今，在设计城市配气站时，很多设备将越来越标准化，比如说除尘器一般采用旋风式分离器；调压阀一般采用自力式调压阀；流量计一般采用孔板流量计；安全装置一般采用安全阀和防爆电接点压力报警装置。

1.2国内外现状及发展趋势

在我国天然气工业进入快速发展通道的背景下，天然气产业链相关环节都将面临巨大的发展机遇。按照国建能源专项规划，我国天然气用量到2005年、2010年、2020年分别为650亿立方、900亿立方、2000亿立方，天然气产业链上、

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