初三非谓语动词用法总结

初三非谓语动词用法总结

I、非谓语动词的概说

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 它不受人称和数的限制。 II.用法

一.动词不定式 to do 否定形式：not to do 1.做主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. + (for/ of sb.) + 动词不定式, 且在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.

E.g. To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well.

It’s important for us to protect the environment. 不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。 E.g. It is difficult to play this game.

3. 不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。

E.g. He hopes to become a university student this year.

2.做宾语

1. 一般不做介词宾语，只能做某些动词的宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, learn, happen等。 E.g. would you like to see a film this evening?

2. 在find, think后跟不定式做宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 E.g. I find it easy to read English every day.

3. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式，why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do, could/ would/ will you please (not do) E.g. I would rather stay at home.

3.作表语

多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。 E.g. My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room is my work every day. 4.做定语

1. 不定式做定语，要放在所修饰的词后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 Have you got anything to say?

2. 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about.

3. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用相当于一个宾语从句。 He didn’t know where to go. (= where he should go ) 5.补足语

1. 不定式做宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。tell, ask , want, allow, get , would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

My mother often encourages me to learn Japanese.

2. 有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式做宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感( feel )、二听( hear, listen to )、三让( make, let, have )、四看(see, watch, look at, notice )、五帮助( help )。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。

My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.

6.做状语

1. 做目的状语只能用不定式

I went to the library to study English.

2. 不定式做结果状语，表示发生在先后的两个动作，或表示意想不到或事与愿违的结果前通常加only 或 never.

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 二.动名词 v-ing 1.做主语

动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。E.g. Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 动名词作主语常表示一般或抽象的行为； E.g. Collecting stamps is fun. (一般)

动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验; E.g. Skating is very interesting. ( 经验 )

在It is no use (good), not any use (good),useless等后一般用动名词。 E.g. It is no good learning English without practice. 2.做宾语

能做动词/ 介词宾语：

I like playing basketball very much. (动词宾语)

Stamps are used for sending letters. （介词宾语）

说明：表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 注意：英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词做宾语。初中阶段常见：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, practice, have fun, have trouble/ problem (in), spend, feel like, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 3.作表语

多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。 E.g. His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby.

4.做定语

只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于修饰词之前。 We should improve our teaching methods. The swimming pool is very big. 三.分词

现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed 1.做表语

现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征 E.g. The situation is encouraging. 2. 过去分词作表语，表示某种状态 E.g. The boy is too frightened to move. 2.做定语

1. 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 2. 过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 Please hand in your written exercises.

3,做补足语

1. 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系） I heard him singing in the classroom.

2. 过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系） He’ll have his hair cut after school.

注意：现在分词和不定式做宾补的区别：

常见的动词有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have 等，他们接不带to的不定式做宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。 I heard him sing in the classroom. (动作已结束 4.做状语

1. 通常情况，做伴随状语用现在分词

The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 2. 现在分词作结果状语，表示伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的结果。 He was fired, killing one of the passers-by. 二、动词后接不定式和动名词的区别

1. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作 like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作 （类似的还有love, hate） 2. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.

1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴？

2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。

3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4)物作主语时 It began to melt.

3. 感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\我看见了\这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调\我见他正干活\这个动作） 典型例题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2）The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，因此用see sb. doing sth句型

间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如：

give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me

teach him a lesson 间接宾语“him”，直接宾语“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him

宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。看下面的例子：

Give me the book to return it to the library. 补充说明的部分就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。

Teach him a lesson to shut him up.中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。

非谓语动词练习

1. —Are you enjoying ________ in Shaanxi? —Yes, I am. Very much.

A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived

2. —It’s too hot. Would you mind ________ the window? —Of course not. Please do it now. A. to open B. opening C. opens D. opened 3. —Could you give us a hand, please?

—Sure. What would you like me ________? A. do B. does C. to do D. doing

4. So much work usually makes him ________ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 5. She feels like ________TV.

A. watches B. watch C. watching D. to watch

6. Would you please ________ some water with you? It’s so hot today, and you’ll feel thirsty. A. to take B. take C. not take D. taking 7. Please stop ________ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 8. You’d better ________ football in the street. A. not play B. playing C. not to play D. play 9. —Remember ________ him about it before he goes away. —Sure, I will.

A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. to telling 10. We must keep the classroom ________.

A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 11. —I’m sorry to have kept you. —It doesn’t matter. I’ve just come.

A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait 12. It is better to teach a man fishing than ________ him fish. A. to give B. giving C. of find D. finding 13. — Jack seems like a good student.

— He is always the first ________ his work. A. finishes B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 14. I often hear her ________ this song in the classroom after class. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings 15. They are busy ________ the old car.

A. with mend B. mend C. to mend D. mending 16. We don’t know ________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li.

A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D to do whether 17.How kind you are！You always do what you can ________ me. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps 18. Water Park is a good place ________.

A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to have a fun 19. —Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother?

—Yes, it’s well worth ________. It’s ________ moving that I’ve seen it twice. A. seeing; too B. to see; enough C. seeing; so D. to see; such 20. —What about playing football this afternoon, Susan?

—I would rather ________ at home than ________ football. It’s too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing

【参考答案】1.—5. CABBB 6.—10. ABCDB 11.—15. CBABA 16.—20.CCDCB

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