三、扩充
对句子进行扩充特别适用于书面表达。一方面，学习者在进行书面表达时，不仅为了使句子传递出更多的必要的信息量，而且要使得语篇不至于过于松散，往往需要对句子进行加工处理。比如，
1. If you are looking for a winter adventure and want to try some of the finest and most challenging skiing in the world, you should try a visit to Kitzbuhel. 主句为“ ”部分,“__”为第一次扩充、“ ”为第二次扩充、“ ”为第三次扩充，以此类推。下同。
2. The spaceship, carrying astronauts ZhaiZhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haisheng, then moved into orbit at altitude of 343 kilometers, which is the third time for China’s manned spacecraft travel since 2003.
3. However, the important thing we should remember is to treasure and protect Mars, avoiding turning it into another “Earth”.
根据对以上例句的解析，我们可以清楚地把这种句子扩充的形式归纳成以下三种：
第一种，加词扩充。
如，Monica is a pretty American girl.
The people there all like walking on foot.
Unexpectedly, he left his lovely daughter and his beloved wife.
第二种，加短语扩充, 包括介词结构、非谓语在内的各种短语。如，Monica is a girl with a pretty face and a pair of big eyes.
All the people there, young or old, quite like walking on foot .
He left his wife and daughter without a single word.
第三种，加句子扩充。
Nobody knows why he left his beloved wife and his lovely daughter unexpectedly, which even puzzles the police a great deal.
Everybody can see Monica is a girl with a pretty face and a pair of big eyes.
It is quite strange that all the people there, young or old, quite like walking on foot however far they will go.
如果学习者掌握了以上三种扩充方法，并在进行书面表达时有意识地多加练习一段时间过后，丰富的、多变式的语句就会轻松地跃然纸上。
四、简化
对句子进行简化处理特别适用于阅读理解，尤其是对长句的理解。学习者遇到长句难句时往往会出现阅读的心理障碍。如果学习者掌握了对长句的简化处理手段的话就比较容易解决这一问题了。
对句子进行简化处理实际上就是剥去加在主句身上的层层外衣。这是一种有效的阅读技巧，一旦掌握了这种技巧，阅读者就会临危不乱，从容应对繁杂信息。
例如，2009年高考全国卷（二）完形填空题中的一个句子：I’ve discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities.
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