国际贸易选择题(9)

D) Predatory dumping

12 Perishable agricultural products are good candidates for __________________ since big harvests tend to lower market prices and provide a large quantity of the product available for export.

A) seasonal dumping B) cyclical dumping C) predatory dumping D) allowable dumping

13 The importing country should welcome dumping because:

A) it provides that country with an opportunity to impose trade barriers to protect itself.

B) the price of the product being imported is constant and allows importers to plan accurately for future sales.

C) it is protected from the adverse effects of dumping by WTO rules.

D) the price of the product being imported is very low allowing consumers to buy more than they would buy at a higher price.

14 Most cyclical dumping is probably the result of:

A) the normal well-functioning competitive global market. B) a desire to improve market share in the importing country. C) seasonal differences in demand for certain products. D) seasonal differences in supply of certain products.

15 In the U.S., the U.S. Department of Commerce examines whether dumping has actually occurred, and the ___________________ examines whether U.S. firms have been injured by the dumping.

A) U.S. Department of Justice B) U.S. Export-Import Bank

C) U.S. International Trade Commission D) Federal Trade Commission

16 Financial assistance that governments provide to benefit firms that sell to foreign buyers is: A) trade adjustment assistance. B) export insurance. C) foreign sales leads. D) export subsidies.

17 Substantial export subsidies can switch a(n) ____________________ product into a(n) ____________________ product. A) importable; exportable B) exportable; importable C) exportable; domestic D) non-traded; importable

18 As a result of the agreement reached at the Tokyo Round and the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, the WTO now has:

A) difficulties requiring countries to refrain from providing export subsidies. B) a mandate to strictly enforce rules allowing export subsidies. C) a clear set of rules for subsidies that may encourage exports. D) no power to find that export subsidies violate WTO policy.

19 If an importing country can show the existence of a prohibited or actionable subsidy and harm to its industries, it is permitted to:

A) prohibit imports from the country imposing the prohibited subsidy.

B) impose a countervailing duty to offset the effects of the prohibited subsidy. C) provide its own export subsidies for products exported to the offending country. D) petition the WTO to impose sanctions against the offending country.

20 A policy by which a government offers temporary protection to a domestic industry as it adjusts to increased competition from imports is a(n): A) import-resistance policy. B) infant industry policy. C) protectionist policy. D) safeguard policy.

第十二章 1

If a country expects that the trade diversion effect will dominate the trade creation effect if they join a customs union with a neighbor, the country should: A) not join the customs union because the country loses well-being by joining. B) join the customs union, but not join any proposed monetary union between the countries. C) join the customs union, but only if the other country is larger. D) join the customs union, but only if the other country is smaller. 2

The European Union set and met a goal to be a ____________________ by 1992. A) monetary union B) common market C) free-trade area D) customs union 3

As a result of joining a trade bloc, Country A finds that it is purchasing relatively more expensive cars from Country B, a fellow bloc member, rather than purchasing the less expensive cars from Country C, a trading bloc outsider. This phenomenon is called: A) trade creation.

B) trade diversion. C) a trade embargo. D) trade lifting. 4

When countries band together and agree that they can import from each other freely while imposing import barriers against countries that are not part of the group, those countries have formed a: A) trade block. B) full economic union. C) customs union. D) trade bloc. 5

The primary difference between a free trade area and a customs union is that: A) members of a free trade area adopt a common set of barriers for trade between the members. B) a free trade area is considered a trade bloc and a customs union is not. C) members of a customs union adopt a common set of external trade barriers. D) a free trade area can include parts of a country and a customs union includes entire countries. 6

Most countries can be categorized as a(n): A) economic union. B) customs union. C) free trade area. D) trade bloc. 7

Through the 1980's, the European Common Market (now known as the European Union) was not truly a common market because: A) it had barriers to trade among member nations. B) it did not have a unified economic policy among member nations. C) it had substantial barriers to the international movement of labor and capital. D) it did not allow free movement of labor and capital among member nations. 8

A basic WTO position is that trade barriers: A) can be imposed by any country that believes it will benefit from the trade barriers. B) should be lowered equally and without discrimination for all countries involved in international trade. C) can be imposed if a majority of the members of the WTO agree. D) should be the same in all countries so that the result is equivalent to free trade.

9

One deviation from the most favored nations principle that the WTO accepts is that developing countries have a right to: A) exchange preferences among themselves and receive preferential access to markets in industrialized countries. B) join with a developed country to form a trade bloc and adopt trade barriers that protect the developed and the developing countries. C) raise trade barriers whenever they need to protect local industries. D) impose import quotas and import tariffs and offer export subsidies to control production and consumption within the country. 10

The net volume of new trade that results from forming or joining a trade bloc is: A) trade diversion. B) trade lifting. C) trade shifting. D) trade creation. 11

When national markets are joined in a trade bloc, firms from countries that are members of the trade bloc must compete with each other. One of the results of this increased competition is: A) that domestic producers are less likely to achieve scale economies. B) higher prices in the trade bloc countries. C) that the inefficiencies of monopolies are reduced. D) increased production costs. 12

Trade blocs can attract more foreign direct investment into member countries because: A) the market within the trade bloc is larger than the market in any of the member countries and foreign firms often seek to establish locations on the basis of market size. B) the trade bloc countries offer export subsidies to firms producing within the trade bloc countries. C) production costs within the trade bloc countries are lower than outside of the trade bloc countries because of technology sharing. D) the WTO allows firms that make foreign direct investments in trade bloc countries to avoid import quotas and tariffs imposed by non-trade bloc countries. 13

In the last two decades, the European Union has been moving from being a(n) ____________________ toward being a(n) ____________________. A) free trade area; common market B) economic union; common market C) free trade area; economic union

D) customs union; economic union 14

____________________ have often been used as thinly disguised devices for protecting high-cost domestic producers against competition from lower-cost foreign producers. A) Export subsidies B) Trade blocs C) National product standards D) Import tariffs 15

____________________ has eliminated nearly all tariffs and many non-tariff barriers to trade within the U.S.-Canada-Mexico trade area. A) The WTO B) NATO C) The United Nations D) NAFTA 16

One of the primary concerns in the U.S. about entering into NAFTA was that: A) U.S. jobs would be lost to Mexico because wage rates in Mexico were so much lower than in the U.S. B) sub-standard products manufactured in Mexico would be imported and sold in the U.S. C) U.S. revenues from import tariffs would be reduced. D) the agreements between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico would violate the free trade policies of the WTO. 17

An acknowledged result of NAFTA is that: A) the U.S. has suffered a significant loss of jobs to Mexico. B) the U.S. has lost a significant amount of revenue from import tariffs. C) there was a substantial increase in trade among the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. D) political relations between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico have deteriorated. 18

Because goods produced within a free trade area are entitled to be traded freely within the free trade area, determining what goods are produced within the free trade area is important and relies on: A) national product standards. B) trade bloc standards. C) rules of origin. D) rules of composition. 19

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