国际贸易选择题(5)

D) the successful formation of a cartel of oil-producing countries. 4

Which of the following is NOT a reason why cartels often lack success over the long term? A) Decreased demand for the cartel's products. B) New supplies of the cartel's product outside of the cartel. C) Members of the cartel having a tendency to violate cartel rules. D) Non-members of the cartel seeking to become members of the cartel. 5

International cartels in primary products other than oil are unlikely because: A) no developing country would be interested in establishing a cartel unless it was for oil. B) oil is the only product that developed countries are interested in importing from the developing world. C) most primary products are widely distributed and a cartel in most primary products would be subject to competition from non-cartel countries with those products. D) developing countries are not sophisticated enough to establish and maintain a cartel without the assistance and participation of developed countries. 6

OPEC countries: A) are developed because they have relatively high per capita incomes. B) often face pressures to increase oil production above the levels established by the cartel. C) are all located in the Middle East where most oil in the world is located. D) are all politically opposed to most policies of Western and developed countries. 7

Which of the following tasks is not part of the transition from central planning to a market economy? A) Establishing private ownership of businesses and privatization of state businesses. B) Establishing a legal system with legitimate contract laws and property rights. C) Establishing a currency union with another market economy. D) Shifting to competitive markets with a new process for resource allocation. 8

One of the important factors related to developing countries which discourage the investment in new assets is that: A) property rights are less clearly defined than in developed countries so that investors cannot be as confident in their title to assets as they would be in developed countries. B) developing countries lack strong sources of comparative advantage. C) import-substituting industrialization has become more successful over time. D) developing countries only export primary products.

9

A country with low to moderate income per capita is considered to be a(n): A) developing country. B) source of low-priced primary goods. C) untrustworthy trading partner. D) prime market for untested products. 10

In developing countries, per capita income: A) has risen on average since 1990 at a rate somewhat faster than the growth in industrialized countries. B) has remained stagnant in the last two decades. C) will converge to the level of per capita income in the industrialized countries in the next decade or two, if current trends continue. D) has generally declined since 1990. 11

Many developing countries have comparative advantages based on: A) land, natural resources, and unskilled labor. B) capital and innovation. C) technology and skilled service labor. D) natural resources but little ability to capitalize on that advantage. 12

If a developing country's export of a product is large enough, the country can: A) control the world price for that product through import controls. B) discourage production of that product in other parts of the world. C) use an export tax to increase its benefits from the export of that product. D) develop substitute products for that product and thus increase their overall benefits from exports. 13

____________________ is a defining characteristic of a low per capita income country. A) More barriers to lending of money to the most productive uses for that money B) Fewer barriers to the shifting of capital into and out of the country C) More participation in functioning free trade areas D) More opportunities for foreign direct investment in the country 14

In developing countries, the wage gap between expanding sectors within the countries and the declining sectors: A) is non-existent because wages are already low. B) is greater than in high per capita countries.

C) is small and getting smaller as use the internet increases. D) is reduced by foreign direct investment. 15

____________________ are primary products such as agriculture, forestry, fuels and mineral products. A) Natural resources B) Traditional exports C) Country resources D) Export resources 16

Engel's law says that as per capita income rises: A) demand increases for all products. B) exports increase. C) demand for staples increases and demand for luxuries decreases. D) demand for luxuries increases and demand for staples decreases. 17

New human-made substitutes for primary products: A) depress the relative prices for the primary products. B) increase demand for primary products. C) increase imports into the country where the substitutes are produced. D) generally do not affect the demand for the primary products. 18

The ____________________ was the greatest seizure of monopoly power in world history. A) creation of the USSR B) establishment of the United Nations C) creation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries D) establishment of the European Union 19

Encouraging the development of industries that will allow a country to reduce its dependence on foreign production even if it means that export industries are de-emphasized is: A) an illegal export subsidy under WTO rules. B) trade diversion. C) the first step in creating a cartel. D) import-substitution industrialization. 20

A criticism that developing countries have for developed countries is that developed countries urge the adoption of free trade policies: A) but do not always enact or enforce free trade policies themselves.

B) that adversely impact developing countries. C) that benefit developed countries more than developing countries. D) that are often adopted without understanding the long term effects of the policies.

第十五章 1

Which of the following would not increase the chances that an individual will migrate? A) An increase in the expected wage rate in the receiving country. B) A decrease in the expected wage in the home country. C) Being older. D) A decrease in the cost of traveling between countries. 2

If workers are migrating from Country A to Country B then workers in Country A ____________________ and employers in Country A ____________________. A) lose; lose B) lose; gain C) gain; lose D) gain; gain 3

When an investor or lender in one country provides funds for a venture in another country and controls that venture, the transaction is called a(n) ____________________ investment. A) foreign direct B) passive C) covered D) arbitrage 4

Multinationals are most likely to choose sites for foreign direct investment where: A) taxes are low. B) labor costs are higher. C) the transportation infrastructure is overloaded. D) the governments impose strict operational requirements. 5

While ____________________ is the largest source of direct foreign investment, ____________________ is the only major home country which is not also a major host to foreign direct investment. A) Japan; Japan also B) Japan; Germany C) the United States; Japan

D) the United States; China 6

A dilemma for developing countries in their dealings with multinational companies is that they: A) have money to spend on economic development, but they do not have the expertise to spend that money wisely. B) need the help of multinationals to grow, but they do not have the opportunities that will attract multinational investment. C) fear exploitation by powerful multinationals, but they also fear the inability to access the benefits that multinationals have to offer them. D) need the funding that multinationals can provide, but they do not need or want the technical and management skills that multinationals usually tie to funding. 7

When an investor or lender in one country provides funds for a venture in another country but does not control that venture, the transaction is called ___________________ investment. A) foreign direct B) subsidiary C) host country D) international portfolio 8

A firm that owns and controls ventures in more than one country is a ____________________ enterprise. A) foreign-affiliated B) multinational C) venture-capital D) global 9

When a firm makes a foreign direct investment, that investment generally provides: A) all of the capital that the foreign entity needs. B) all of the capital not provided by the local investors. C) only enough capital to build the foreign facility. D) a rather small amount of the total financing needed for venture. 10

In most cases, the foreign affiliate of a multinational enterprise receives: A) only part of its financing directly from the multinational enterprise. B) most of its financing from the government of the affiliate's host country. C) only a small part of its financing from local sources. D) most of its financing from the government of the home country of the multinational enterprise.

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