国际贸易选择题(7)

A) net gain theory

B) principle of equality

C) one dollar, one vote metric D) production effect principle

14 A tariff that has the effect of limiting imports into a small country results in: D A) a net loss to the exporting country but a net gain for the world. B) a net gain for the importing country and the world.

C) no overall change in consumption or the world price of the product that is the subject of the tariff.

D) a net loss to the importing country and the world.

15 ____________________ of a tariff shows the loss to consumers of an importing nation because of the reduction in total consumption of the product subject to the tariff. C A) Production effect B) Profit effect

C) Consumption effect D) Long term effect

16 The percentage by which the entire set of a nation's trade barriers raises the affected industry's value added per unit of output is identified as the industry's ____________________. B A) net added value gain.

B) effective rate of protection. C) gross added value gain. D) value at risk.

17 ____________________ is defined as the extra cost of shifting to more expensive domestic production because of the imposition of a tariff and is a deadweight loss that is not made up by any gains resulting from the imposition of that tariff. A A) Production effect of a tariff B) Consumption effect of a tariff C) Effective rate of protection D) Net profit effect of a tariff

18 The assumption that any feasible change in demand for an import in a country is so small that it has almost no effect on the world market for that product is called the: C A) consumption effect.

B) one-dollar one-vote metric. C) small country assumption. D) prohibitive tariff effect.

19 If a country's share of the world market for an imported product is large enough that the country's buying can affect the world price of that product unilaterally, that country has: D A) monopoly power.

B) the power to set tariffs at any rate.

C) the power to completely exclude the importation of that product. D) monopsony power.

20 A tariff rate that creates the largest net gain for the country imposing the tariff is called the: C A) maximum allowable tariff. B) minimum possible tariff. C) nationally optimal tariff. D) politically correct tariff.

第九章

1 If Japan and Australia enter into a voluntary export restraint (VER) agreement and Australia agrees to limit its exports to Japan, then we would expect that the VER's revenue effect would accrue to: D

A) the Japanese government. B) the Australian government. C) Japanese producers. D) Australian producers.

2 A(n) ____________________ is a government policy of an importing country that requires importers to place some part of the value of intended imports with the government before the imports are allowed in the country. A A) advance deposit requirement B) import license requirement

C) government procurement requirement D) tariff-quota

3 When an import quota is imposed and import licenses are auctioned off, the revenue effect of the quota goes to: C A) domestic producers. B) domestic consumers. C) the government. D) foreign producers.

4 The lifting of a voluntary export restraint (VER) by the foreign exporting country would benefit: A

A) consumers in the importing country. B) government in the importing country. C) producers in the importing country. D) all of the above.

5 If a government allocates import licenses for free to firms or individuals without competition, application, or negotiation, the licenses are allocated on the basis of: B A) quota rights.

B) fixed favoritism.

C) monopolistic competition. D) corruption.

6 When a country allows imports into the country at a low or zero tariff up to a specified quantity of goods and then imposes a higher tariff on imports above that specified quantity, that country is employing: D A) a mixing requirement. B) an advance deposit system. C) a fixed favoritism system. D) a tariff-quota.

7 The World Trade Organization was created in 1995 to: A

A) oversee global rules of government policy toward international trade.

B) provide a forum where trade disputes can be litigated and decided by a body that can directly enforce its decisions.

C) encourage the imposition of non-tariff barriers instead of imposition of tariffs. D) all of the above.

8 Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 allows the president to: B A) appeal to the WTO to end illegal trade restrictions.

B) unilaterally use threats of retaliation to open foreign markets for U.S. trade. C) impose import restrictions to protect U.S. manufacturers. D) allocate import licenses on the basis of fixed favoritism.

9 When a country imposes high import barriers to protect domestic industries from competition from imports, the protected industries: B

A) gain higher income and the overall costs of the import barriers are very low. B) gain higher income but the overall costs of the import barriers are also high.

C) do not usually gain higher income but the overall costs of the import barriers are low. D) do not usually gain higher income and the overall costs of the import barriers are high.

10 A nontariff barrier is any policy that: C A) limits imports into a particular country.

B) limits imports and that is illegal under WTO regulations. C) is used to limit imports other than a simple tariff. D) results in a limitation of imports or exports.

11 The international agreement under which member countries pursued 8 rounds of negotiations to lower barriers to trade between 1947 and 1993 is: B A) WTO. B) GATT.

C) the Uruguay Round. D) NTB.

12 A nontariff barrier which requires an importer or import distributor to buy a certain percentage of products domestically is a: C A) domestic content requirement.

B) government procurement requirement. C) mixing requirement. D) product standard.

13 An arrangement by which the government of an importing country forces foreign governments to limit the number of exports to the importing country is: D A) equivalent to a tariff.

B) called government procurement. C) called product standardization. D) a voluntary export restriction.

14 A(n) ____________________is a limit on the total quantity of imports allowed into a country each year A A) import quota B) tariff

C) nontariff barrier D) import license

15 A policy that products produced and sold in a country must contain a specified minimum amount of domestic production value is a: D A) mixing requirement.

B) product standard requirement. C) tariff quota.

D) local content requirement.

16 When two countries agree to levy tariffs on each other at rates as low as those levied on any other country with whom they trade, they have: A A) granted each other most favored nation status. B) violated WTO regulations. C) settled a WTO dispute.

D) entered into a nontariff barrier to imports.

17 When a country awards import licenses on a first come, first served basis or on a negotiated basis, the country is using a: D A) fixed favoritism system. B) product standard procedure. C) priority negotiation system. D) resource-using procedure.

18 If a country mandates imports to meet certain requirements that may necessitate expensive

modifications be made to the imports, the country is employing: C A) government procurement standards. B) local content requirements. C) product standards requirements. D) illegal import restrictions.

19 When a government's purchasing procedures are biased in favor of domestic products and against foreign products, the nontariff barrier being employed is: B A) an illegal import restriction.

B) a government procurement practice. C) a domestic content requirement. D) a resource-using practice.

20 A non-financial cost of nontariff barriers that is often overlooked is the: D

A) cost to domestic consumers from the increased price that importers have to charge.

B) cost to foreign producers because they must lower their prices to compensate for the cost of the trade barriers.

C) cost of lost tax revenues to the government imposing the nontariff barriers. D) loss of incentive to innovate by firms that are protected by the nontariff barrier.

第十章 1

If the emerging automobile industry in Botswana requests tariff protection because their costs will be temporarily high until the industry is better established, the automobile industry is using the: A) specificity rule. B) infant industry argument. C) externality argument. D) \ 2

Often, governments in developing countries will impose tariffs because tariffs are: A) the best way to protect domestic jobs since imported product will cost more than domestic products. B) the best way to show the rest of the world that the government is stable. C) often the cheapest and most effective means available of generating government revenues. D) the only way to promote domestic production. 3

If the objective of government policy is to protect a domestic industry for national defense

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