小学英语语法知识讲解及练习

小学英语语法复习要点

一、名词

可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。 可数名词复数规则：

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children

foot-feet, tooth-teeth

fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。 写出下列各词的复数

photo ____________ diary ____________ day_____________ dress _______________ thief ___________ yo-yo ___________ peach___________ juice________________ water ____________ rice______________ tea ______________ man____________ woman____________ banana ___________ bus___________ child ____________

foot _____________ sheep ____________ leaf(树叶) ________ dish ____________ knife _____________ pen____________ boy__________ baby___________ map _____________ city ____________ box __________ book ___________ class ____________ eye ____________ office ________ car____________ fox(狐狸) ___________ watch ____________ library ________ pear ___________ skirt ____________ shelf _____________ cinema __________ tomato _________ tooth ____________ wife____________ Englishman________ paper __________ milk___________ Frenchman ___________ postman __________ family __________ mouse __________ people (人们) __________ fish _________ brush ________ mango __________ Japanese ____________ sandwich __________ policeman____________ watermelon______________ Chinese_____________ strawberry ___________ match _________________ glass __________ 二、一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍

一般现在时的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。）

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\或\。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。） 一般现在时的变化：1. be动词的变化。

肯定句：主语+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)

如：I am a student.

-Are you a student?

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-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree?

Where is your bike? 2.行为动词的变化。

肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如：I like bread.

I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。 如：He ofter plays football.

He doesn't often play football.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词do, does） 如：I often play football.

- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。

如：She goes to school by bike. - Does she go to school by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike?

How does she go to school?

动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练:

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________do_________ teach_______ 二、用am, is, are 填空

1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.

4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom?

6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father?

8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I?

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13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you.

15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.

20. Gao Shan's shirt _______ over there. 21. My sister's name ______Nancy.

22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil. 23. ______ David and Helen from England? 24. There ______ a girl in the room.

25. There ______ some apples on the tree. 26. _______ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _______ some bread on the plate.

29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I ______ from China. 三、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. David and Tom _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Mike _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday. 四、按照要求改写句子

1. David watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________

3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)

_______________________________________________________ ____________________________

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4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________

5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)

_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) ________________________________________________________ 8. Jim comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

___________________________________________________

9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________

10. Tom and David like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 六、一般现在时翻译练习 1.我们每天七点钟上学。

We _______ ________ _________ at seven o’clock _________ ________. 2.教室有一些学生。

There _______ ________ _________ in the classroom. 3苏海英语说得很好。

Su Hai _______ ________ very _______. 4.高小姐教英语。

Miss Gao ________ ________. 5.我父亲起得很早。

My father _______ _______ early. 6.我们非常喜欢英语。

We _______ English _______ _______. 7.他常常步行去上学。

He usually _______ _______ _______ _______ _______. 8.他努力学习英语。

He ________ ________ hard. 9.她学英语吗？

_______ she _______ _______? 10.他是做什么工作的？ _______ is his _______? 11.他不在家里做作业。

He ________ _______ _______ _________ at home. 12.我们星期天不去学。

We _______ _______ _______ _______ on Sundays. 13.他经常十点钟睡觉。

He often _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ .

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14.有时我五点钟起床。

Sometimes, I _______ _______ _______ _______. 15.他们早上七点钟去上学。

They _______ _______ _______ at seven _______ ________ _________. 三、现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 如：Tom is reading books in his study . 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .

Tom is not reading books in his study . 4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .

Is Tom reading books in his study ？

5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+一般疑问句?

（注意：当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing） 如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is reading books in his study .

Is Tom reading books in his study ? Is Tom reading books in his study ? What is Tom doing in his study? Where is Tom reading books?

动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play_____________ run______________ swim _____________make______________ go______________ like____________ write_____________ _ski_____________ read_____________ have____________ sing _____________ dance___________ put______________ see____________ buy _____________ love____________ live___________ take______________ come _____________ get_____________ stop____________ sit _____________ begin____________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换：

1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

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