（完型）讲义

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环球卓越 2012 英语二之完型填空

I. 命题思路

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未知信息 + 已知信息 = 一篇文章 (即 20 处填空)+ (即 20 处填空之外的原文) ? 大纲中关于完型填空的命题思路概述： ☆ 完型填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解基础上对篇章结构、

语法和词汇知识的运用能力。

☆ 对整体环境进行把握和理解 解决具体问题 ☆ 对已知信息进行把握和理解 破解未知信息

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个未知信息放在一个庞大的已知信息体系之中， 绝对不是单独存在的 20 个信息点或者 20 个孤立的句 子，必须把握整体的高度去解题。

II. 完型填空主要测试点

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1.阅读理解能力 ?

对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解 ?

对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解 ? 对句子内部结构及意义的把握和理解

2.英语知识运用能力 ?

语法(20%-30%) ?

固定习语(10%左右) ? 词汇的辨析和使用(60%-70%)

III. 完型文章的布局和结构特点

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1.一般有明确的中心主线 ?

文章的中心主线有一个鲜明的主题，文章具有很强的导向性或者作者态度具有倾向性，这种主题导向性 或者倾向性构成了完型文章的中心主线，也是我们把握文章的关键点。

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2.往往采用总分对照结构 ?

能够将文章的中心主线表达简洁清晰地往往是总分对照结构。总分对照结构由总述部分和分述部分构成: 总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详细，

两者互相支持、互相印证。

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①应用于整篇文章的结构 ?

②应用于文章中的段落结构 ?

③应用于段落中的意群结构 报名咨询电话：400-890-1100 学习网址：www.geedu.com 客服电话：010-51658769

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①应用于整篇文章的结构

? If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He

must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support

himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. He may also need

money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer

cannot be 7 . He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans.

Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. 1.[A]other than

[B]as well as

[D]more than

[C]instead of

2.[A]only if

[B]much as

[C]long before

[D]ever since

3.[A]for

[B]against

[C]of

[D]towards

4.[A]replace

[B]purchase

[C]supplement

[D]dispose

5.[A]enhance

[B]mix

[C]feed

[D]raise

6.[A]vessels

[B]routes

[C]paths

[D]channels

7.[A]self confident

[B]self sufficient

[C]self satisfied

[D]self restrained

8.[A]search

[B]save

[C]offer

[D]seek

9.[A]proportion

[B]percentage

[C]rate

[D]ratio

10.[A]genuinely

[B]obviously

[C]presumably

[D]frequently

总述 文章的主题：有关农民如何成功的问题

文章导向/作者态度倾向：生产>消费 分述

分述一:从正面支持 生产>消费 He must store a large quantity of grain? He can continue to support himself and his family ? He must use this surplus in three ways ? He may also need money to construct irrigation ?

分述二：从反面支持 生产>消费

总述：If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 分述： He must either sell some of his property? _8_ extra funds in the form of loans? borrow money at a low _9_ of interest?

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②应用于文章中的段落结构

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? Successful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place

great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations. 7 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

总述 Successful safety programs 成功的安全措施 Differ 不同 Aspects of the program 侧重点 Some Others Still others 三个主语都是成 功的安全措施 Place great emphasis on stress depend on 都将重点侧重于

Mechanical guarding safe work practices emotional appeal 侧重的重点是不 同的

分述

③应用于段落中的意群结构

? If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the

obtainable.

form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10

IV. 完型填空解题原则

? 1.紧扣主题—与文章主题相关原则 ? 由于有一个明确的中心主线，所以解题时把握与文 章主题相关的原

则，最佳选项理论上都与主题密切 相关。

? 2.内在一致—与文章主题导向或倾向一致原则 ? 解题时应把握与文章导向或倾向一致原则，在选择 填空

的选项时要把握文章主题的导向。

? 3.前后呼应—与本题一致原则 ? 前后文信息之间往往形成呼应性的关系成为解题的 线索，在选择选项时

要考虑选取与文章中已知信息 相一致的选项。

2010 年真题 Section I Use of English (20 minutes, 10%)

Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A, B, C or D.

Do the languages we speak shape the way we think? Do __01__ merely express thoughts, or do the __02__

in languages shape thoughts we wish to express?

Take \?.\

differ from one another. In English, we have to mark the verb __05__ tense, we way \ rather than \

__06__ in Russian, you would have to mark tense and __07__, changing the verb form if Mrs. Dumpty __08__ the sitting. You would also have to decide if the sitting was __09__ or not. If our hero sat on the wall for the entire time he was __10__ to, it would be another different form of the verb __11__ if he had a great fall. While in Turkish, you would often have to include in the __12__ how you acquired this information. For instance, if you saw the fellow on the wall with your own eyes, you would use one form of the verb, but if you had simply __13__

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it, you would use a different form.

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Do English, Russian and Turkish speakers __14__ attending to, understanding, and remembering their

__15__ differently one way or another simply __16__ they speak different languages?

These questions __17__ all the major controversies in the study of __18__. Yet very little empirical work had

been done on these questions until recently. The idea that language might shape thought was considered untestable

at __19__. Now, some new research is showing __20__ languages does profoundly influence how we see the world. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

[A] we

[B] they

[C] you

[D] people

[A] vocabularies [A] as [A] how much [A] of [A] But [A] mood [A] took [A] to complete [A] meant [A] rather [A] phrase [A] asked about [A] end up [A] knowledge [A] before [A] lead to [A] mind [A] past [A] that

[B] expressions [B] for [B] why [B] in [B] However [B] number [B] did [B] complete [B] planned [B] than [B] sentence [B] looked around [B] result in [B] experiences [B] when [B] touch on [B] languages [B] least [B] what

[C] structures [C] to [C] what [C] with [C] Nevertheless [C] gender [C] made [C] completed [C] hoped [C] instead [C] structure [C] felt like [C] lead to [C] thoughts [C] because [C] lie in [C] culture [C] best [C] whether

[D] usages [D] with [D] how many [D] for [D] Though [D] person [D] acted [D] completing [D] agreed [D] from [D] verb [D] heard about [D] attribute to [D] memories [D] if [D] come up [D] nation [D] present [D] how

V. 完型填空解题程序

? 1.先通读全文(Preview)。掌握文章的中心主线， 即文章的主题+文章导向或者作者的态度倾向， 建立起

对文章的整体把握。 4

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? ①重点读文章的首句或首段(文章的第二句也很重要)

? ②重点读每一段的首句

? ③以上首句之外的分述部分，挑选分述中各 句子中的一些重点词语，如谓语动词、形容 词等，进行综

合分析。

? 2.按段精读、按段理解、按段分析、按段做题。 段落本身就是相对独立的意群，可以以段落为单位来解

题；从整体上把握段落的布局， 把握段落的核心主线。

? 3.做完 20 个填空后，再进行整篇通读(Review)， 判断恢复后的文章的连贯性和一致性。

2009 年真题 Section I Use of English (20 minutes, 10%)

Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank from A, B, C or D.

Can you \

Anti-aging may be more than herbs, creams, or exercise. Recently, more and more people are 01 towards

anti-aging psychology, a major claim of 02 is that anti-aging requires you to learn life 03 attitudes, beliefs, and coping skills that 04 youthfulness and health. It is said only 30% of your aging is predetermined by your genetic code, and the 05 is your decisions and attitude. So can you \ 06 these sorts of attitude adjustments as opposed to 07 your body with countless chemicals. Often, people say mind over matter, and to a degree 08 psychology works when you are looking 09 better performance on sports or other tests, but you cannot use your mind to 10 a physical injury, such as a broken bone, or in our 11 , get a wrinkle out of our forehead. Your attitude can change your 12 personality, and smiling may make other people 13 you more, but I am not sure it is truly anti-aging. 14 , your attitudes and believes can change your outward appearance and 15 as a possible effective anti-aging agent 16 by changing your attitude you reduce stress, which is a large 17 in aging. So, indirectly you can \ lead to less stress, but you will never become younger 18 simply thinking about becoming younger. Thinking

positively and anti-aging is not 19 , rather thinking positively is correlated with anti-aging 20 it reduces

stress and helps you live a more active life. 01. [A] moving [B] going

[C] turning

[D] coming

02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08.

[A] that [A] enhanced [A] include [A] rest [A] like [A] covering [A] positive

[B] which [B] enhance [B] constitute [B] other [B] prefer [B] checking [B] reliable

[C] what [C] enhancing [C] construct [C] others [C] enjoy [C] changing [C] advanced

[D] who [D] enhances [D] foster [D] opposite [D] support [D] filling [D] modern

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