2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。 例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。 例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4．“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。
例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed) 6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。 8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．
高中英语必修三
考点一 情态动词（ unit 1 ，unit 2）
一、情态动词的特点: 1.没有人称和数的变化。
2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared 二、情态动词的否定式:
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't 三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一
1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。
can
1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。
could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
2) -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99) A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.)
2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 3. must
1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须
2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to
3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. ) 4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now.
6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94) A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not 4. shall
1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。 1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? - Yes, please.(No, please don't.)
2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it. 3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. 4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____? A. does he B. doesn't he C. will he D. isn't he 5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____? A. won't we B. will we C. don't we D. shall we 5. should 应该 ; 应当
1) You should listen to the doctor's advice. 2) You should study the article carefully. 6. will, would
1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you
-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.) (2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.
(3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party. - _____ .
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven' 7. ought to 应该; 应当
1) You oughtn't to smoke too much. 2) She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to praise B. ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praise 8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come 1) He dare not tell the truth.
2) He doesn't dare to come out at night. 3) I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed 9. need
1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them? -No, they don't need to.
2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn't. 3) This farm tool needs repairing.
This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I tell John about it ?
- No, you ___ . I've told him already. A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
5) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点 1、must have done,“一定做过/一定已经．．．”，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句
2、may/might have done 也许做过某事（推测）；本来可以做某事却没做
3、can't have done 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事” could have done本来可以做某事却没做
4. needn’t have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而needn’t do 则表示”不必做(也没做)” 5.、ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却没做” oughtn’t / shouldn’t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了
6、would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
7、would rather have done 表示”当时宁愿做了某事”，否定形式：would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.
8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事” 而实际上未做。
考点二 名词性从句（ unit 3， unit 4 ） 高考高频考点
主语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 考点1 主语从句 从属连词 that, whether (不作成分） 连接代词 （作成分） what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词 when, where, how, why （作状语） 1．连接词that，whether引导 ①That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true．今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance．他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示
(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．
注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
注: 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C．It+be+v．ed形式+that从句。如：
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out．据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance
2．连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have．我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②who the letter was from is still unknown．这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3．连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear．针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
考点2 宾语从句 从属连词 that, whether, if (不作成分） 连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which, （作成分） wh+ever 连接副词 when, where, how, why （作状语） 1．连接词that，whether，if引导 ①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
特别提示
whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：
Let me knoW whether or not you can come．请让我知道你是否能来。 (2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2．连接代词和连接副词引导
连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class．她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’11 just say whatever comes into my mind．我想到什么就说什么。
③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。
3．宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
①He asked me when we could set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 4．宾语从句的时态
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