高一英语必修1--4 - 各单元语法点

高中英语必修一

考点一： 直接引语&间接引语 （unit 1& unit 2）

引语的概念（以课文88页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固）

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语 直接引语通常都用引号括起来 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _宾语从句 Direct Speech Indirect Speech She said, “I like singing. ” She said she liked singing She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said she was waiting for a bus. 总结：直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化.（见课本88） 补充： Direct Speech Indirect Speech She asked, “Have you seen the film?” She asked me whether\\if I had seen the He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?” film. She asked us, “Where are you going to He asks John if\\whether he is a doctor. get off?” She asked us where we were going to get He asked them, “Who gave you a talk off. yesterday?” He asked them who had given them a talk the day before. 总结 直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。 解题步骤:1.陈述句

“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.

第一步Sarah said to her friends that I don’t like computers. （ I—she 时态said 过去式 don’t ---- didn’t ） 第二步Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers. 2. 一般疑问句:

Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him )

第一步It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.

第二步They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil. 第三步Asked过去式 is---- was

第四步They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 3.特殊疑问句：

When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him ) 第一步you harvest the wheat

第二步They asked him When you harvest the wheat. 第三步（you--he）(harvest-- harvested)

第四步They asked him when he harvested the wheat

考点二： 现在进行时表将来（ unit 3）

用现在进行时表示将来

1. 指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；谓语通常为瞬间性的动词 如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

He is coming back this Sunday. 这个星期他就回来了。 How are you getting there? 你怎么去哪啊？

2. 在时间和条件状语从句中，有时也用进行时表示将来情况。

如：Don’t mention me when you are talking with him. 当你和他说话的时候不要提起我。 If he is doing his homework, don’t bother him. 如果他要做作业，不要打扰他。 现在进行时的基本用法

现在进行时是英语中的一种重要时态，其结构是：be + doing sth.。 a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 表示现阶段暂时的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。 What are you doing recently? Mr. Green is writing another novel.

他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

c. 表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，如：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 It‘s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。

You are always changing your mind. 你总是改变自己的主意。 一般将来时 （单纯将来）

1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各 人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

The building will be finished next month. 这座大楼将于下个月竣工。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ ※ will 在条件句中用一般现在时代替;

If she comes, I’ll call you. 如果她来了，我就打电话告诉你。 2）be going to

a. 现在的打算、意图，即将做某事

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 表示最近未来的计划或安排将要发生

The play is going to be produced next month。 这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3）be to do 按计划或正式安排将要发生

We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4）be about to 意为马上做某事，刚要，正要（表示 非常近的将来）不能与tomorrow 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 be going to / will 辨析

用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你想去旅行，你最好尽快的准备。

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

be to do/be going to 辨析

be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事， be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 不用进行时的动词

1）表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。 I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3）瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。 I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4）系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。 You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 一般现在时代替一般将来时

when ,while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状

语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。

He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

考点三： 定语从句（unit 4& unit 5 必修二unit 1 & unit 5 ）高考高频考点

（1）三个概念

1.定语从句：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。

3.引导词：引导定语从句的词就叫做引导词。引导词用以连接先行词与定语从句，引导词既有替代先行词的作用，又在从句中充当着一个成分。 例：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old.

先行词 引导词 定语从句

Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行词 定语从句 引导词 （2）、要点

1.先行词与定语从句之间要有引导词（有时可省略:做宾语且前面无介词） 2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后 3.引导词在定语从句中充当某一成分 （3）、引导词的用法

关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose

1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that. (1) who/that表主格:

The girl who /that is drawing is Jim’s sister. The man who/that lives next door is friendly.

(2) whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略: The boy (whom/that) we talked about will come. He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday. 2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that. (1) which/that表主格:

A plane is a machine which / that can fly.

Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle. (2) which/that表宾格,可省略:

The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one. The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful. 3.whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物 The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital. The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.

成分 先行词 人 物 主语 who、that which、that 宾语 定语 whom、who、that Whose （of whom） which、that Whose （of which） 关系副词：when/where/why

关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1. when: 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。 例：This was the time when he arrived.

I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star. 2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。 例：This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born.

3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。 例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。

例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】

Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】

Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】 成分 状语 例句 先行词 表时间的名词 when October 1,1949 is the day when(on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded. 表地点的名词 where The hotel where( in which) we stayed wasn’t very clean. （4）、关系代词that的特殊用法 只用that 的情况

1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.

2.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

3.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说综合文库高一英语必修1--4 - 各单元语法点在线全文阅读。