西方法谚精选(6)

instruments.

如果没有歧义，任何解释都不应该与法律文件中意思明确的词语相反。 It is a bad exposition which corrupts the text. 离开法律文本的解释是危险的解释。

When the words and the mind agree, there is no place for interpretation. 当文字与精神一致时，就不需要解释。

The law is in favor rather of a good than of a bad construction. 法律倾向于从善解释。

The practice of the judges is the interpreter of laws. 法官的审判实践就是在解释法律。

What is reasonable time, the law does not define; it is left to the discretion of the judges. 法律不规定什么是合理的时间，它留给法官作自由判断。 The interpretation of law obtains the force of law. 法律的解释可以获得法律效力。

The voice of legislators is a living voice, to impose laws on things and not on words. 立法者的声音是活生生的声音，它将法律适用于事物却不拘泥于文字。 It belongs to him to interpret who enacts. 法律解释权属于法律制定之人。

The best mode of interpreting laws is to make them accord. 最好的法律解释模式是使法律相互和谐一致。

To interpret and reconcile laws so that they harmonize is the best mode of construction. 解释和协调法律使之变得和谐一致是解释的最好方式。 Statutes made for the public good ought to be liberally construed. 对于为了公共利益而制定的法律应该进行自由解释。 Usage is the best interpreter of things. 习惯法是事物的最好解释者。 Custom is the best interpretor of laws. 惯例是法律的最好阐释者。

The more favorable construction is to be placed on general or doubtful expressions. 应该优先对笼统的或有疑惑的表述做出解释。

A contemporaneous exposition is the best and more powerful in the law. 同时代的解释是法律中国最好也是最有利的解释。 A power is strictly interpreted. 对权力应从严解释。

Statutes derogating from the common law are to be interpreted in a narrow sense.

有违普通法之成文法，应严格解释。

Laws which derogate from the common law ought to be strictly construed. 对有违普通法的法律应该严格进行解释。

A law should be interpreted with a view to upholding rather than destroying it. 法律解释不应吹毛求疵或莫名其妙。

In doubtful cases the more favorable constructions are always to be preferred. 在疑案中的解释应能服众。

In ambiguous things, such a construction is to be made, that what is inconvenient and absurd is to be avoided.

在模糊的情况下，做出的解释应当避免不协调和荒谬。

Laws are to be liberally construed, in order that their intent may be preserved. 为了保持法律的愿意，法律解释应当不拘泥于字面含义。

When the doing of anything is forbidden, then the doing of it either directly or indirectly is forbidden. 凡法所禁止之行为，不论直接或间接地做均在禁止之列。 Unusual clauses always induce suspicion. 不同寻常的条款常常要发生疑问。

An absolute sentence or proposition needs not an expositor. 文字意义完全简明清楚就无须解释。

Where the words are not ambiguous, then intention of the word is not allowed to be questioned. 在用语中不存在模糊性时，不得允许探索用语的意图。

Such things as have a clear interpretation ought to be changed but little. 明确之解释，应尽可能少地加以变更。

The clear provisions shall not be vitiated because of those obscure. 不应当由于某种不确定的规定而否定明确的规定。

It is guessing, not interpretation, which altogether departs from the letter. 完全脱离用语者，是猜测而非解释。

Language is always to be understood according to its subject-matter and the condition of the persons. 人们总是根据语言所涉论题和人们所处的环境来理解语言。 Every interpretation either declares, extends, or restrains. 法律之解释，不外阐明、引申及限缩而已。

The best and surest mode of construing an instrument is to read it in the sense which would have been applied when it was drawn up.

对法律文件最好也是最可靠的解释方式是根据立法意图进行解释。 Words ought to be made subservient to the intent, not contrary to it. 对文字的解释应该服从于其意图而非相反。

In the agreements of the contracting parties, the rule is to regard the intention rather than the words. 对契约双方协议的解释应该看重契约意图而非文字。

General words are to be understood generally, or in a general sense. 对概括的词语只能作概括或广义的理解。 General words are to be generally understood. 概括的词汇应按概括的意义来理解。 A general expression implies nothing certain. 概括的表达没有说明任何确定的东西。

General words may be aptly restrained according to the matter or person to which they relate. 概括性的词语可以根据与他们相关的事或人进行适当的限制。 A general clause does not refer to things expressed. 概括性条款不涉及业已明示之内容。

A general clause does not extend to those things which are previously provided for specialitity. 概括性的条款不能适用于那些在先已经有过特殊规定的事情。 When the substance is extinguished, the incident ceased. 本质问题已经解决，枝节问题也就不再存在了。 Terms of art should be explained from art. 艺术的语言应从艺术角度来理解。 Verisimilitude is not proof. 貌似事实，不足为据。

That which is expressed makes that which is implied to cease. 业已明示的使默示的无效。

What is expressed renders what is implied silent. 业已明示的使默示的失去效力。

Every statute must be so construed and harmonized with other statutes as to form uniform system of law. 为了保持法制的统一，对每个法律的解释都应与其他的法律相协调。 A passage is best interpreted by reference to what precedes and what follows it. 对一个段落最好的解释是根据上下文所进行的解释。 A word is to be understood in the context in which it is used. 对文字应该根据其使用的语境进行理解。

It is improper to pass an opinion on any part of a sentence without examining the whole. 若未审查整个句子，那么对句子中任何部分的意见都不可信。

The meaning of a doubtful word may be ascertained by reference to the meaning of words associated with it.

一个有疑问的词语的意思最好通过与它相关的词语的意思来确定。

The expression of what is tacitly implied is inoperative. 只是暗指却没有明说的表达不起作用。

False spelling or false grammar do not vitiate a grant. 拼写错误和语法错误并不影响七月底成立。

An error in the name is nothing when there is certainty as to the person. 若能够确定本人，名字的错误就无关紧要。

Surplusage does not vitiate that which in other respects is good and valid. 冗语赘言无害。

Mere false description does not vitiate if there be sufficient certainty as to the object. 如果描述的客体具有足够的确定性，那么单纯的描述错误就不会构成损害。 The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. 明示其一即排斥其他。

The mention of one person is the exclusion of another. 提及一人即排斥其他人。

The express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another. 明确提及一件事就意味着排除另一件事。

The designation of one is the exclusion of the other and that which is expressed prevails over that which is implied.

指定了一个，就排除了其他；明示的优于默示的。

Relative words refer to the antecedent, unless by such construction the meaning of the sentence would be impaired.

关系词就是意指先行词，除非如果采用这种解释，句子的含义会受到损害。 He who considers merely the letter of an instrument goes but skin-deep into its meaning. 如果只是考虑了法律文件的字面意思，那么对此就只是获得了肤浅的理解。 A thing is named from its principal part. 物以其主要部分命名。

Ames are mutable, but things immutable. 名称是可以改变的，但是事物时不可改变的。 Names are the symbols of things. 名称是事物的符号。

Wills ought to have the broadest interpretation. 对遗嘱应作广义解释。 To write is to act. 写下文字即在行为。 四、 法律程序

（一）正当程序

A suit is a civil warfare; for as the plaintiffs are armed with actions, and as it were, girded with swords, so the defendants are fortified with pleas, and are defended, as it were, by shields.

诉讼系一场和平战争，原告有诉权武装，犹如持刀剑进攻；被告有抗辩护身，犹如持盾牌防御。 A jurisdiction act by a judge without jurisdiction is void; but a ministerial act, from whomsoever proceeding, may be ratified.

没有司法管辖权的法官所作的司法行为是无效的，但一项行政行为，不论由谁做出，都是可以事后追认的。

Whichever of two parties has the division, the other has the choice. 双方当事人之间，如果有权做出分配，则另一方有权优先挑选。 He who seeks equity must do equity. 要求公平者必须公平待人。

He who comes into equity must come with clean hands. 到衡平法院来起诉者必须自己清白。 Every action proceeds into its own course. 每一诉讼都按其自身的程序进行。 Legal form is essential form. 法律的形式是至关重要的形式。

When form is not observed, a nullity of the act is inferred. 如果没有遵循法律形式，就可能导致行为无效。 When form is not observed, a failure of action ensues. 不遵守诉讼程序者，必遭败诉。 Hasty justice is stepmother of misfortune. 仓促审判是人为的不幸。

It is the duty of a good judge to issue judgments without delay. 及时做出判决是每一个好法官的职责。

No man ought to be his own judge, or administer justice in cases where his relations are concerned. 任何人不得自己审判自己或与自身有利害关系的案件。

A person ought not to be judge in his own cause, because he can not act as judge and party. 任何人不得在自己的案件中担任法官，因为他不能既是当事人又是法官。 It is wrong for a man to be a judge in his own cause. 在自己的案件中担任法官是错误的。 No man can be judge in his own cause. 任何人都不能充当自己案件的法官。 A judge cannot punish a wrong done to himself.

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