②Where did you see him knocked down? (主谓宾＋过分词) ③ What makes you think so ? (主谓宾＋动词不定式)
It 句型
1. It + be + adj. + (for sb) to do sth → sth + be + adj. + to do It is not easy to learn English. (English is not easy to learn.) 备用词：difficult, necessary, important, quick, hard, etc.
2. It + be + adj. + of sb to do sth → sb. + be + adj. + to do sth It was foolish of Tom to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire. (Tom was foolish to sell such a suit as that to a millionaire.)
备用词：wise, clever, bright, kind, nice, silly, stupid, cruel, etc.
3. It takes sb + some time + to do sth → sb spends time in doing sth It took him two days to find the elephant. (He spent two days in finding the elephant.)
4. It is no use doing sth.
It is no use regretting your past mistakes. 备用词：no good, useless, etc.
5. It costs sb. + money + to do sth
It cost them 36,000 francs to buy the necklace. → The necklace cost them 36,000 francs . They spent 36,000 franc on the necklace.
They spent 36,000 francs (in) buying the necklace. They paid 36,000 francs for the necklace. They bought the necklace for 36,000 francs.
6. It + be + adj. (n.) + that-clause
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
备用词：natural, surprising, true, wonderful, etc.
7.It + be + adj. + that-clause (should do sth)
It is necessary that he (should) be present at the meeting. 备用词：strange, important,impossble
8. It + be + p.p. + that-clause
it is said that he has been ill for years. (He is said to have been…)
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备用词：reported, known, believed, decided, announced, etc.
9. It + be + p.p. + that-clause (should do sth.)
It is demanded that the homework (should) be finished at once. 备用词：ordered, suggested, required, requested, etc.
10. It seems + that-clause → sb. + seems + to do sth. It seems that they are talking. (They seem to be talking.) 备用词：happen
11. It is + some time since-clause → sb. has + p.p. + for time
It is three years since he came here. (He has been here for years.)
12. It is + 被强调部分 + that (who)
It is through struggle that we learn this truth.
13. It + be time + for sth / to do sth. / that-clause
It is time for supper. It is time to have supper. It is time that we should have supper. It is time that we had supper.
14. It + be + long(时间段）+ before-clause
It will not be long before we turn our hope into reality.
15. It is (just) like sb. to do sth. 该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。It‘s like him to leave the work to others. 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。
It isn‘t like him to have said anything like that. 他可不是说出那种话的人。
16. It is up to sb. to do sth.
该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。
There Be 结构
1、主谓一致：
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
2、反意问句：
There used to be a well there, use(d)n’t / didn’t there?
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3、各种时态：
There will be a film this afternoon.
There is going to be a lecture tomorrow.
There have been great change in our city since 1988.
4、there be中的非谓语形式：
There are a lot of students waiting outside. There were eleven people killed in this accident. There’s someone at the door to see you. (There being no bus, we had to walk home.)
5、含情态动词：
There must (may, might) be rain tomorrow. There ought to be no trouble
6、与其它动词连用：
There seems to be a reason for changing their plan. There are likely to be more difficulties than expected. There happens to be nobody in the room. I don’t want there to be any trouble.
7、there + v.
There goes the bell.
On the hill (there) stands a house.
8、There is no denying the fact + that从句（不可否认的......）
例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。
There is no denying the fact that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
主谓一致原则
1、or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接并列主语时， 谓语与邻近主语一致
Not only she but also I am going there.
2、as well as, (together) with,,along with连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致 Dr. Smith (together) with his two sons is going Paris.
3、there be 中主语并列时，可随紧挨 be 的词一致或用复数 There is (are) a boy and two girls in the room.
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NOTICE: There is a pair of trousers here.
4、both, many, several, few作主语时，谓语用复数 Few are here this morning.
5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数 Two feet isn’t long enough.
6、and连接并列主语的情况
① My father and mother are away on business. ② The worker and writer is from Paris. ③ The worker and the writer are from Paris. ④ Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
⑤ Every (Each, No) desk and every (each, no) chair is made of wood. ⑥one and a half 后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。
7、the + adj. (-ing, -ed)表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物， 谓语用单数
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer in many countries.
8、Neither (of), Either (of), Each (of)作主语，谓语用单数 Neither of them is a driver.
9、any-, every-, some- no-作主语，谓语用单数 Is everybody here ?
10、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数 To see is to believe. What I have done is what I should do.
11. all of, some of, any of, most of, none of, plenty of, percent of, half of 等作主语，根据 of 后的词决定 the houses are on show. Most of
the work has been done. the students are girls. Ninety percent of
the money is hers.
12. kind of + n., 由kind 决定
This kind of apples is very good. → Apples of this kind are very good.
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13. Such (倒装)
Such is what he said. → Such are his words.
14. east, west, south, north的倒装
East of the city is (lies) a lake. (are / lie two lakes)
15. 强调句中 It’s I who am going to Japan.
16. 定语从句中 I, who am a student, will be a doctor.
17.a great deal of ( a large amount of , a large quantity of , a lot of )
+ 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
18.a number of , ( a large quantity of , a lot of ) + 可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但the number of +
主语，其谓语动词用单数。
19.代词 none, neither 作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。
20. 一些只有复数形式的词作主语时( clothes , trousers , shoes , ...)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有a
pair of 修饰时，则用单数。
21. 关系词who, that , which 引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但
one of + 复数名词 + that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only ) one of +复数名词 + that 从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。
22. 以what 引起的主语从句 the rest , the remainder 等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。
EXERCISES:
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
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