无刷直流电机控制器的设计本科毕业论文

本科毕业设计(论文)

论文题目 无刷直流电机控制器的设计

(英文) Brushless DC motor controller design

摘 要

本设计采用PIC16F72实现对电动自行车用无刷直流电机的设计，速度控制环节部分采用开环控制，但要根据MOSFET输出电流的大小确定PWM信号输出。整个系统主要由电压检测电路、电流检测电路、霍尔位置检测电路、驱动信号预处理电路、功率驱动电路、过流保护电路等构成。该设计不仅要实现电动自行车正常使用时应具备的基本性能，还要通过增加欠压检测电路、过流保护电路、同步整流电路等措施来提升电机运行可靠性与稳定性，使电动自行车用无刷直流电机具备更持久的生命力。

关键词：无刷直流电机；PIC16F72；整流保护

Abstract

This design uses PIC16F72to realize brushless DC motor design, speed control part adopts open loop control, but according to the MOSFET output current size determines that the PWM signal output. The system consists of a voltage detection circuit, a current detection circuit, Holzer position detection circuit, driving signal pretreatment circuit, power driving circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit. This design not only to achieve the electric bicycle in normal use should have the basic performance, but also by adding under-voltage detection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, a synchronous rectifier circuit and other measures to improve the stability and reliability of the operation of the motor, brushless DC motor with a more lasting vitality.

Key Words: Brushless DC motor; PIC16F72; commutation protection

目 录

1 引言 ......................................................................................................................... 1 2 总体设计 ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1无刷直流电机的结构及其工作原理 .................................................................. 4 2.1.1 无刷直流电机的结构 .................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 无刷直流电机的原理 .................................................................................. 5 2.1.3 无刷直流电机的运行特性 .......................................................................... 6 3 硬件设计 ............................................................................................................... 10 3.1 单片机概述 ....................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 PIC16F72单片机的主要性能 .................................................................... 10 3.1.2 PIC16F72单片机的功能特性描述 ............................................................ 10 3.1.3 PIC16F72单片机的引脚排列 .................................................................... 10 3.2 MOSFET驱动芯片IR2103简介 ..................................................................... 11 3.3无刷直流电机控制器的硬件设计 ....................................................................... 13 3.3.1无刷直流电机控制器硬件实现的设计思路 ................................................. 13 3.3.2 电源电路部分 ................................................................................................ 14 3.3.3 输入信号处理部分 ........................................................................................ 15 3.3.3.1 电源电压检测信号处理部分 ................................................................. 15 3.3.3.2 电流检测信号和处理部分 ..................................................................... 16 3.3.3.3 霍尔位置传感器信号处理部分 ............................................................. 17 3.3.3.4 手柄（调速）信号处理部分 ................................................................. 17 3.3.3.5 刹车制动信号处理部分 ......................................................................... 18 3.4 PIC16F72单片机输入信号处理与控制信号输出部分................................... 18 3.5 PIC16F72单片机各个模块的具体工作任务 .................................................. 19 3.6 三相驱动信号预处理部分 ............................................................................... 20 3.7 MOSFET驱动部分 ........................................................................................... 22 4 软件设计 ............................................................................................................... 25

4.1 软件设计的总体思路简介 ............................................................................... 25 4.2 键盘和显示程序流程图 .................................................................................... 25 5 制作和调试 ............................................................................................................ 33 6 结论 ........................................................................................................................ 34 致 谢 .......................................................................................................................... 35 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 36 附录1 系统实物图 ................................................................................................... 37 附录2 毕业设计作品说明书 ................................................................................... 38

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