我到那儿还不超过一个星期就开始认真干起活来。
I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.
我读了还不到半个钟头就听到外面有脚步声。
( b )过去完成时与 hardly 等连用时, when 也可以换成 before .例如:
Hardly had I left before the trouble started.
我刚一离开麻烦就开始了。
4. 句型: when 引导状语从句时,主句可以是,也可以是形式,但 when 连接两个并列分句时,其前的分句只能是肯定句,即只能是不带否定副词 not 的分句。前文( 3 )( a )最后一个例句算是一个例外。试比较:
Mick was sleeping when they went in. (并列句)迈克正在睡觉,他们突然走了进来。 When they came in Mick was sleeping. (主从句)他们进来时迈克正在睡觉。
“ Was Mick sleeping when they came in? ”和“ What was Mick doing when they came in? ”只能是对其中主句的提问,因为这时 when 所引导的分句既无突然性也不是句子中的未知信息,而只是另一个动作发生的特定时间
when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别
when,while,as显然都可以引导时间状语从句,但用法区别非常大。
一、when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用;而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。
④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。
二、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
1.从句动作在主句动作前发生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可使用。 ①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance为延续性动词)当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。
②When /While /As she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.(make为延续性动词)当她在打电话时,我正在写信。
3.当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时,as常表示“随着……”;“一边……,一边……”之意。 ① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“随着……”之意)
② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。
③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。
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