High clonal diversity in threatened peripheral populations o(3)

Downloaded from at Queens University of Belfast on January 21, 2011

Page4of8Beatty&Provan—ClonaldiversityinH.monotropa

TABLE1.Numberofplants(N)foundineachpopulationofH.monotropaoversuccessiveyears

N

Bothyears

CountyLocationGridRef.PopulationYear1*Year2 MLGs%inboth

Populationsize§

Co.Antrim

Straidkilly

D297156S176(59)87(82)9540127D297156S249(35)42(34)445748D297156S39(8)3(3)8388D297156S41111001Co.FermanaghCastleCaldwell

H013603CC11–––NCH018605CC26(6)9(7)94411H017605CC310(8)8(5)94410H017605CC42(2)–––NCH024606CC55(4)8(5)5805H025607CC62(2)12502CorrelGlenH074546CG119(4)4259H075546CG21–––NCElyLodge

H176526EL126(23)11(9)243326H176520EL216(15)4(4)152715H181515EL35(5)19(13)152022H184514EL413(13)14(11)138513H184514EL52(2)–––NCH178518EL6–2(1)––NCH181517EL7–1––NCH180515EL8–2(2)––NCKnockninny

H272303

K1

2(1)

–

–

–

NC

Figuresinparenthesesindicatenumberofdistinctmulti-locusgenotypes(MLGs)inpopulationswithmorethanasingleindividual.NC,Notcalculated.

*

2007forCo.Fermanaghpopulations,2009forCo.Antrimpopulations.

2008forCo.Fermanaghpopulations,2010forCo.Antrimpopulations.§

PercentageoftotalMLGsfoundinbothyears.Basedoncapture–recapturecalculation(seeMaterialsandmethods).

TABLE2.Hypopitysmonotropamicrosatelliteprimersdevelopedforthisstudy

LocusRepeatPrimers

SizerangeMHNSSR108(GA)8

ACATTTGGGAAAATGGGAGA130–146bpTTCAATGGCACGTCTTACACAMHNSSR119Complex(GA)GGAAGTTTCTCCATCCAGGTT146–180bpAGCAATCAAAACCAGGACCAMHNSSR135

(AG)8

CGGTTTCAGGAAACAAAACC126–148bp

TTGTCCGGGAATTCTCTCTC

carriedouttodeterminethelevelsofgeneticdifferentiationElyLodgepopulationEL3,andadecreasefrom16tofourbetweenpopulationswithinalocation.

spikesinElyLodgepopulationEL2.

Betweentenand23alleleswere.detectedattheeightmicro-RESULTS

satellitelocianalysed(mean¼1475).AllidenticalMLGshadPGENvaluesof,0.001,con rmingthattheyaroseviaasexualThepresentoccurrenceofHypopitysmonotropainNorthernreproduction.Identi cationofclonematesbasedonidenticalIrelandwouldappeartoberestrictedtofourlocationsinCo.MLGsindicatedthatthelevelsofclonalreproductionwereFermanagh(CastleCaldwell,CorrelGlen,ElyLodgeandgenerallylow,withameanofonly14.45%ofclonalindivid-Knockninny)andonelocationinCo.Antrim(Straidkilly),uals(Table1).IdenticalMLGswerealwayshighlyspatiallyalthoughtheKnockninnypopulationwasnotfoundinthestructuredandgenerallysmall(Figs2and3;alsoseeFigssecondyearofsurveying.ThepopulationrecordedfromS1–S25inSupplementarydataavailableonline).Usually,ErrigalBanks,Co.Londonderrywasnotfoundineitheroftheseinvolvedpairsofclonemateswithin10cmofeachtheyearssurveyedandismostlikelynowextinct.other,althoughlargerclonesweredetected[e.g. verametsPopulationstendedtobeverysmall,generallywithlessthanspanning40cm(StraidkillypopulationS1,2009;Fig.2)andtenspikesperpatch,althoughtwolargepopulationsweretwoidenticalMLGsseparatedby60cmwithnointerveningfoundinStraidkillyinboth2009and2010(Table1).Somespikes(ElyLodgepopulationEL2,2007;Fig.3)].Intotal,notablechangesinpopulationsizewereobservedoversucces-38MLGswererepresentedbytworamets,12bythreesiveyears,includinggrowthfromasinglespiketoninespikesrametsandtwoeachbyfourand veramets.ThepercentageinCorrelGlenpopulationCG1andfrom veto19spikesinofMLGspersistinginapopulationacrossbothyearsof

Downloaded from at Queens University of Belfast on January 21, 2011

Beatty&Provan—ClonaldiversityinH.monotropaPage5of8

10 cm

FIG.2.DistributionofindividualsintheStraidkillyS1,2009population.Dashedlinesenclosemulti-locusgenotypeswhichareidentical.Eachsquarerep-resents10

cm.

andEL4),withmeanvaluesof0.870and0.737inbothyears..LevelsofRcalculatedacrossbothyearsrangedfrom0333(CastleCaldwellpopulationCC5)to0.737(ElyLodgepopulationEL2),withameanvalueof0.552.Theonlysigni -cantdifferenceinH0.596toHEbetweensuccessiveyearswasadropfromHE¼E¼0.417inCastleCaldwellpopulationCC3(two-sidedpairedt-testP¼0.020).TheSpearman’srankcorrelationcoef cientrevealednoassociationbetweenpopu-lationsize(N)andlevelsofHE(rs¼0.289;P¼0.122).Populationsizesbasedonthecapture–recapturecalculationfromMLGsacrossbothyearsrangedfrom1(Straidkillypopu-lationS4)to127(StraidkillypopulationS1).Inbreedingcoef- cients(FIS)rangedfrom0.114(ElyLodgepopulationEL1,2008)to0.813(Castle.CaldwellpopulationCC2,2007),withmeanvaluesof0497and0.339inbothyears.

TheAMOVAanalysesrevealednosigni cantgenetic10 cm

differentiationinpopulationsacrosssuccessiveyears(datanotshown).Signi cantlevelsofgeneticdifferentiationFIG.3.DistributionofindividualsintheElyLodgeEL2,2007population.betweenpopulationswithinlocationsweredetectedin veofDashedlinesenclosemulti-locusgenotypeswhichareidentical.Eachsquare

represents10cm.

thesixanalyses,withbetween7.07%and19.59%ofthetotalobservedvariationexistingbetweenpopulationswithinaregion(Table4).

study(incaseswhereNwasgreaterthan1)rangedfrom20%(ElyLodgepopulationEL3)to85%(ElyLodgepopulationEL4;Table1).

百度搜索“77cn”或“免费范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，免费范文网，提供经典小说医药卫生High clonal diversity in threatened peripheral populations o(3)在线全文阅读。