浙江大学博士英语翻译课程资料(4)

taxpayers would reap a much greater gain, particularly middle-and upper-income individuals who have largely avoided tax shelters in previous years. 同等重要的是，改革措施鼓励投资者把他们的决策建立在可靠的经济基础上，而不是单从税法角度来考虑。卡特总统手下的经济顾问委员会主席查尔·舒尔兹说:“该法案会结束很多因为人们竭尽全力利用‘减免所得税的合法手段’、千方百计把普通的收入转变为资本增益而正在出现的扭曲现象。”亚特兰大“公民与南方国家银行”的主要经济学家阿诺德·迪尔也同意道：“看看所有那些通过税收补贴而建造的无人租用的写字楼。”

18 Just as important, the reform measure would inspire investors to base their decisions on sound economic grounds rather than tax-law considerations. Said Charles Schultze, the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors under President Carter: “It will eliminate a lot of distortions that are going on as people put their energies simply into taking advantage of tax shelters and finding ways to convert ordinary income into capital gains.” Concurs Arnold Dill, chief economist at Atlanta\'s Citizens & Southern National Bank: “Look at all the empty office buildings we\'ve built through tax benefits.”

派克伍德的提案下个月在参议院最后表决通过前，还会受到一些说客的最后一刻的攻击。如果获得通过，该法案将送交给一个协商委员会，使之与众议院的议案协调一致。尽管前面困难重重，立法者们开始相信法案有足够的势头能顺利通过，特别是因为这么多的公司领导人都已经双手赞成。一位资深的华盛顿税收说客查尔斯·沃科预言：到七月或八月，总统桌上将有一份完备的议案待签。果真如此的话，公司上层人物处于悬而未决状态的时间就远比他们原先担心的要短得多。

19 Packwood\'s proposal will get a lastminute assault from some lobbyists as it heads toward a

final vote in the Senate next month. If approved, the bill will go to a conference committee that will reconcile it with the House\'s bill. Despite those challenges ahead, legislators are beginning to think the measure has enough momentum to sail right through, especially since so many business leaders are climbing on board. Charls Walker, a veteran Washington tax lobbyist, predicts that a finished bill will be on the President\'s desk for signing by July or August. If so, business executives will be in suspense for a much shorter time than they had originally feared. 电脑对社会行为有着深刻的影响。计算机处理的触手可及，使得那些在其他方面都被认为是

好市民的人发现自己沉迷在不道德行为-甚至是非法行为中。对有版权软件的盗版行为四处可见，而近期大量报道的如黑客入侵、病毒制造、电脑行骗以及侵犯隐私等等事件，使得要求电脑业拥有新道德观和制定保护市民不受电脑化的无政府状态侵害的新法规的呼声越来越高了。1. Computers are having a profound effect on social behavior. With easy access to

processing power, individuals who, in every other respect, could be regarded as good citizens now find themselves indulging in unethical - and even unlawful - behavior. The theft of copyright software is widespread, while recent, well-publicized incidents of hacking, virus creation,

computer-based fraud, and invasion of privacy have been followed by a rising chorus of calls for a new morality in computing and new laws to protect citizens from computerized anarchy. 短短的40年期间，电脑已成为复杂社会的运转核心，没有电脑和通讯系统，许多生产制造业，工业，商业，运输和销售业，政府部门，军队，公共医疗卫生服务，教育，以及研究工作都会停滞下来。但是随着社会越来越依靠电脑，社会也越来越易受人类滥用电脑的影响。2. In the short space of forty years, computers have become central to the operation of complex societies. Without computers and communication systems, much of manufacturing, industry, commerce, transport and distribution, government, the military, health services, education, and research would grind to a halt. Yet as society becomes more dependent on computers, it also becomes more vulnerable to the misuse of computers by human beings. to stop gradually and completelyto keep sb. prisoner so as to demand payment to make something useless or

destroyed ;to make a deepimpression onsomebody; to make asleep to be broken down公民自由（指国家法律给予保证的自由，如言论自由，信仰自由 等）。

电脑的存在确实造成了一系列急需我们处理的新的社会问题。这包括软件盗版，电脑行骗，黑客现象，病毒破坏，电脑的不可靠性和社会受系统故障影响的脆弱性，电脑监控和隐私侵犯，电脑业过分宣扬电脑以及电脑化工作环境中生活质量的恶化现象。3. The very existence of computers has created a new range of social problems or issues with which we urgently need to grapple. These include the theft of software; the use of computers to commit fraud; the

phenomenon of hacking; sabotage in the form of viruses; the unreliability of computers and the vulnerability of society to system failure; computerized monitoring and the invasion of privacy; the excessive hyping of computers by the computer industry; and traces of deterioration in the quality life in the computerized workplace.

这些问题中有些是全新出现的，而在其他问题上，电脑的存在只是翻新了那些旧的道德问题，如：是（与非），诚实，忠心，负责，信任和公平。4. Some of these issues are entirely new, but in other respects, computers have merely created new versions of such right (versus wrong), honesty, loyalty, responsibility, confidentiality, and fairness. 由于电脑业是一个相对比较新和开放的领域，所以电脑职业本身既无时间，也无组织能力去建立一套有约束力的道德规范。历史久一些的职业，如医学业和法律业，已有差不多几个世纪的时间来形成他们的行为准则。另外还有一个问题是，和医生或律师的开业有所不同，电脑的使用超出了电脑行业本身的范围。我们现在都是电脑用户，在某种程度上，我们都和从事电脑职业的人一样，面临着同样的道德困惑和忠信矛盾。许多的道德困惑--如，是否盗版软件--就是新的灰色地带，已被接受的准则或社会惯例中很少有这种灰色地带，更不用说已制定的判例法了。5. Because computing is a relatively new and open field, the computer profession as such has had neither the time nor the organizational capability to establish a binding set of moral rules or ethics. Older professions, like medicine and the law, have had literally

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