浙江大学博士英语翻译课程资料(3)

12 Curbing the deductibility of business entertainment. Though few business executives still drink three martinis at lunch in these days of white wine and Perrier, they continue to run up huge bills.

The committee\'s plan would allow businesses to deduct only 80% of entertainment expenses, instead of the full tab. The restaurant industry warns that the tax-reform proposal could eventually cost the jobs of some 1.3 million waiters, busboys and other workers. 取消贷款利息扣除。纳税人不再允许扣除在汽车贷款，信用卡结存和其他非抵押上所得的利息．这也许会给贷方及交通工具、大设备生产商的生意带来损失。库奥柏斯与来布兰德会计事务所“税收政策”主任伊拉·萨皮罗说:“这会改变人们购买高价商品的方式。他们宁可用现金买些便宜货，而不愿借钱买贵重东西。

13 Repealing the deductibility of interest on consumer loans. Taxpayers would no longer be allowed to write off the interest they pay on auto loans, credit-card balances and other

nonmortgage financing. This may bring a loss of business for lenders and the makers of vehicles and heavy appliances. Said Ira Shapiro, director of tax policy at the Coopers & Lybrand

accounting firm: “It could change the way people buy big-ticket items. They may prefer to buy the cheaper item with cash, instead of borrowin.”

根除减免所得税的合法手段。委员会对减免所得税的手段严加限制，几乎予以根除。例如，个人不能再从其它收入里扣除不动产的投资亏损。这项规定以及其它的规定已经在房地产行业的许多部门中激起强烈反应。委员会的议案将基本上取消减免所得税的合法手段的合伙关系，因为它们经常给购物中心、公寓楼和写字楼提供资金。结果，全国住宅建筑商协会警告说，住房动工数会骤然下降。全国公寓协会预测房租不得不平均增加32.7％以弥补不能扣除的那一笔金额。但是石油和天然气开发大都可以幸免于这一新规定，原因是该产业境况不景气以及政治影响。

14 Eradicating tax shelters. The committee put enough restrictions on tax shelters to make them all but extinct. Example: individuals will no longer be able to deduct investment losses on real property from other income. That provision, among others, has sparked an angry reaction from many parts of the real estate industry. The committee\'s bill would largely eliminate the tax-shelter partnerships that often finance shopping centers, apartment complexes and office buildings. As a result, the National Association of Home Builders warns of a sharp decline in housing starts and the National Apartment Association predicts that rents would have to increase an average of 32.7% to make up for lost write-offs. Tax shelters for oil and gas drilling, however, were largely spared because of that industry\'s dire condition and political clout. 很多公司认为这个新的税改提案利弊参半。例如股票经纪人会失掉很多个人退休金方面的生意，但会赢得本来属于“减免所得税的合法手段”的那一部分投资资本。汽车生产商可能因汽车贷款利息不可再扣除而蒙受一些损失，但却可以由伴随的税收减少，消费者口袋里有了更多的钱而得益：农场主们忧心如焚，因为他们失去了购买拖拉机或其他用具可享受的投资税款减免，但他们不再面对那些依靠“减免所得税的合法手段”的农业企业的竞争。 15 Most businesses are finding that the new tax proposal is a mixed bag of helpful and hurtful surprises. Stockbrokers, for instance, would lose IRA business but would pick up investment

money that might otherwise have gone into tax shelters. Automakers might suffer a bit because car loans would no longer be deductible, but could expect to benefit from the accompanying tax cut that puts more money into consumer pockets. Farmers would mourn the loss of the investment tax credit for buying tractors and other gear, yet would no longer face competition from tax-sheltered agricultural ventures.

高税收的影响会通过所谓的过渡法规而得到缓解，该法规决定新法律分期生效的速度。例如，钢铁公司正在游说参议员委员会挪出55亿美元减税款中的一部分作为过渡之用。房地产公司也在这样做。全国住宅建筑商协会的顾问费洛伊德·威廉斯说：“我们所需的事情之一就是

能有一个平隐的过渡法规，这样我们的同行不会突然大受打击。”

16 The impact of higher taxes will be softened by so-called transition rules, which determine how quickly the new law would be phased into effect. Steel companies, for instance, are lobbying the Senate committee to get some of the $5.5 billion in tax breaks set aside for the transition. The real estate industry is doing likewise. Says Floyd Williams, tax counsel for the National Association of Home Builders: “One of the things we want is a smooth transition rule so that people in our industry aren\'t hit all at once.”

从这些改革议案中获益最大的就是经济。在未来的十年间，它每年会以10％的速度递增，因为个人税率降低。消费者的消费会剌激经济增长，因为每年每个典型的纳税家庭都多出600到900美元可自由支配。有些纳税人会得到大得多的增益，特别是那些以前基本上不利用“减免所得税的合法手段”的中、高等收入者。

17 The biggest winner from the reform measure would be the economy, which the Reagan

Administration estimates would grow about 10% faster each year over the next decade because of lower personal tax rates. Consumer spending would spur the growth, since each taxpaying household should typically have $600 to $900 more disposable income every year. Some

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