汉英翻译考试复习材料

汉英翻译考试复习材料

汉语词语和英语词语之间不存在机械的对应，翻译中不能随意把某个汉语词和某个英语词划上等号。

发展水平 level of development 英语水平 English proficiency 生活水平 living standard 游泳水平 swimming skills 领导水平 art of leadership

使你的工作保持在高水平上 Keep your work on a high plane.

把我们的素质提高到一个新的水平 to raise our quality to a new height 住房紧张 housing shortage 历史经验 past experience

这家工厂只有几年的历史。This factory was set up only a few years. 他主要抓生产。He is mainly in charge of production.

他抓紧时间进行技术训练。He lost no time in technical training. 这部电影抓住了许多观众。The movie appealed to a lot of audience. 抓重点 stress the essentials

关心人民生活 to care about the living of the people 关心局势发展 to follow the developments closely 共同关心的问题 issues of mutual interest

我们关心中国是否能保持持续发展。We would like to know whether China will be able to achieve a sustainable development.

领导人对两国关系的发展非常关心。Our leaders have taken interest in the development of our bilateral relations.

在这种情况下 under these/such circumstances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition

这种情况必须改变。 This state of affairs must change. 现在情况不同了。 Now things are different.

他们的情况怎么样？How do matters stand with them? 前线有什么情况？How is the situation at the front?

前面有情况，做好战斗准备。There’s enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat. 他问起了我的健康情况。He inquired after my health.

可是在其他地方，情况却完全两样了。But the picture outside this place is quite another story. 我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。We may go there, but that depends. (…it all depends.) 西方舆论纷纷预测。The western press has much to say in prediction. 西部的矿产很丰富。The west of China is rich in minerals.

我国的经济建设需要一个和平的国际环境。For its economic construction, China needs a peaceful international environment.

如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。It would be appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.

事实雄辩地证明了有志者事竟成。The facts eloquently demonstrate that there is a will, there is a way.

语言中的搭配

搭配的形式主要是任意的，并不依赖意义，一种语言内部是这样，同样语言之间也是这样。通过英汉双语比较可以清楚的观察到这种非对应性。

浓茶 strong tea 浓墨 ink浓烟 dense smok浓眉 heavy eyebrows

1

浓云 thick cloud浓雾 dense fog

青山 green hil青天 blue sky青布 black cloth 开车drive a car开船 set sail 开机器 start a machine

上自行车get on a bike上飞机 board a plane 上山 go up (mount) a hill 老毛病 a chronic ailment 老部下 a former subordinate 老工人a veteran worker 老式样 old-fashioned 老规矩 traditional rules 老菠菜 overgrown spinach 打灯笼 carry a lantern

打起精神 raise one’s spirits 打伞 hold up an umbrella

学习知识 acquire (attain) knowledge 掌握词汇 possess vocabulary 掌握英语 master English 强硬政策 tough policy

介绍经验 pass on experience

接受忠告 take (accept, adopt ) advice 牺牲生命 sacrifice one’s life 牺牲假期 devote one’s holiday

实现了自给自足reach self-sufficiency

2

利用意义与形式都相似的习语翻译

这一策略就是利用目的语意义与形式两个方面同原出语中的习语在这两个方面都大致对等的习语进行翻译，这种对等只可遇而不可求。

披着羊皮的狼 a wolf in sheep’s clothing 混水摸鱼 to fish in troubled waters 咬牙切齿 to grind one’s teeth 找麻烦 to look for trouble 充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to 晴天霹雳 bolt from the blue 破釜沉舟 to burn one’s boats 冷若冰霜 as cold as ice 泼冷水 to pour cold water on 趁热打铁 to strike while the iron is hot 翻开新的一页 to turn over a new leaf 火上浇油 to pour oil on the flame 骑虎难下 to ride a tiger 轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather 打满分to give someone full marks for 如坐针毡 to sit on pins and needles 铁碗手段 with an iron hand

以眼还眼，以牙还牙 an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 谋事在人，成事在天 Man proposes, heaven disposes. 他们占了三天，不是夹起尾巴逃跑了。They lasted three days, then put their tails between their legs and ran!

保存原习语的形象

在确保不会引起读者错误联想又能传达原义的情况下可以考虑进行异化翻译，从而保留原习语的形象。 他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙。

Escape? But his home and property can’t escape. ‘The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run with him.

咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了！

Ah! We were drawing water in a bamboo basket.

哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出 The dumb man eats the bitter herb: he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence.

瞎子点灯白费蜡 as useless as a blind man lighting a candle 丈八的台灯——照见人家，照不见自己 a ten-foot lamp stand that sheds light on others but none on itself

出生牛犊不怕虎。 New-born calves make little of tigers.

盲人国中，独眼称雄。In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.

留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as green hills remains, there’ll never be a shortage of firewood.

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