1）It has increased (decreased) from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800, 000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.
例：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000
其他
(一)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. 许多因素都对这一情况负责
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for) the phenomenon (problem) 许多因素可能导致(导致)(考虑到)这一现象(问题).
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors这个问题的答案涉及因素较多
3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 这种现象主要源于以下事实:.
4.The factors that contribute to 有助于this situation include...
5.The change in rgely results from the fact that...
6.We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7.Part of the explanations解释 for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes .is that .. 最常见的因素(原因。是….
Another contributing factor (cause .is ... 另一个因素(引起。是. .
Perhaps the primary factor 主要因子is that …
But the fundamental cause is that但根本原因是
(二)比较 我们也许会批评…,但真正的原因是……
1.The advantage far outweigh 比……重要 比……有价值the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to 比……好B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating补偿的 平衡的 advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 就象任何事情一样,它有其缺点
7.A and B has several points in common. A和B有共同之处
8.A bears some resemblances 相似 相似之处to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable 不适合的 不适用的to B.
10.A and B differ in several ways. A和B在许多方面都有所不同
11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 显然,它具有正负两方面的影响
12.People used to think ..., but things are different now. 人们曾经认为……,但是,但现在情况不同了
13.The same is true of B.
14.Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks.缺点 退费
15.It is true that A ..., but the chief faults 主要的缺点(obvious defects )are ...
经典句型
一至七条为图表句型。
一．上升增长
1． add up to 增加了
eg. The total amount of added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3． an increase of about percent as compared with.. 与 相比大约增加了
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4． to experience an increase/incline 有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二．下降，减少
1． to sink/drop/reduce to 减少到
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2． to experience a decrease/decline 有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三．起伏
1． to go up and down 起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs 有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四．稳定
1． to remain steady/level/unchanged 保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2． to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that
eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in
五．成正比，反比
1． be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与 成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六． 占百分之几，几分之几
1 .to form/comprise/make up/constitute .percent 占百分之
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
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