的解释:the period of the hsia dynasty [b.c.2205-1818] was to a man of china of confucius’time what the period of the greek history would be a modern man of europe today. the yin dynasty [b.c.1766-1154] was, in like manner, what the period of the roman history would be to a modern man. 这些比较使西方读者获得对中国的历史人物、国家和朝代一种超越时空的印象和理解,更贴近读者的期待视野,使翻译目的达到事倍功半的效果。他在古老的东方理论中融入歌德、卡莱尔、阿诺德、莎士比亚、爱默生及华尔华兹的妙语,使对中国文化知之甚少的西方人更好把握儒家经典的内容。 4.意译法
辜氏翻译儒经最突出的一个特点是意译法,即采用“动态对等”的方法,使译文的思想与原文一致,而不是两者间字栉句比的机械转换。例如:《论语·学而》(第1)中子贡与孔子的一段对话。子贡曰:“贫而无谄,富而无骄,何如?”子曰:“可也。未若贫而乐道,富而好礼者也。”译为: “a disciple of confucius said to him,‘to be poor and yet not to be servile; to be rich and yet not to be proud, what do you say to that?’ ‘ it is good,’ replied confucius, ‘but better still it is to be poor and yet contented; to be rich and yet know how to be courteous.’” “谄”字译为servile ,比flatter 更能表情达意。整个译句简
洁明了,既符合英语的表达习惯,又与原句语体风格相呼应。又如:《论语·子罕》(第9)中记载颜回赞叹孔子之道高且深的一段话:“仰之弥高, 钻之弥坚。瞻之在前,忽焉在后。夫子循循善诱人,博我以文,约我以礼,欲罢不能。” 译为:“the more i have looked up to it the higher it appears. the more i tried to penetrate into it the more impenetrable it seems to be. when i have thought i have laid hold of it here, lo! it is there. but the master knows admirably how to lead people on step by step. he has enlarged my mind with an extensive knowledge of the arts, while guiding and correcting my judgment and taste. thus i could not stop in my progress, even if i would.” 这段译文保留原文言简意赅的特点。“when i have thought i have laid hold of it here, lo! it is there” 直接译出颜回的语气,栩栩如生。充分挖掘了原文的内涵和神韵,使译入语的文本受众的理解更加深刻。 结 语
辜鸿铭的翻译实践是创造性的,他重视译文读者的期待视野,时刻观照译作的受众的理解接受。他的翻译策略和方法,在当时的时代背景下有力促进了东西方文化的交流。事实证明,在特定的历史背景下,这一策略和方法使其翻译取得了成功,尽管当今异化翻译是发展趋势,但辜氏这种强烈的读者接受意识对我们今天的翻译理
论和实践仍具有启发意义。 参考文献:
[1]黄兴涛等译.辜鸿铭文集(上)[c].海口:海南出版社,1996. [2]黄兴涛等译.辜鸿铭文集(下)[c].海口:海南出版社,1996. [3](德)姚斯h.r,(美)r.c.霍拉勃.接受美学与接受理论[m].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1987:31.
[4]谢满兰.读者接受理论与影视字幕中的隐喻翻译[j].广州: 中国知网,2007.
[5]张河川.辜鸿铭的英语特色[j].贵州教育学院学报(社会科学),2002,5.
[6]朱宝锋.也谈译者的读者意识—以辜鸿铭及其《论语》英译为例[j].china academic journal electronic publishing house,1994-2008.
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