年英语二真题答案(3)

inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as

female, at least for the first few critical years. i had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. take the toddler. i assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of

research into children’s behavior: wrong. turns out, according to daniel cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.

trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. it was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. and one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences-or invent them where they did not previously exist.

26.by saying “it is ? the rainbow” (line3, para.1), the author means pink____.

【篇三：2016年考研英语二真题及答案】

lass=txt>英语（二） section i

use of english directions:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)

happy people work differently. theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. and new research suggests that happiness might influence___1__firms work, too. companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on rd (research and development). thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.

the researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way

companies invested. so they compared u.s. cities average happiness__6__by gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.

__7__enough, firms investment and rd intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they

were__8__. but it is really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on rd? to find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that

might make firms more likely to invest — like size, industry, and sales — and for indicators that a place

was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. the link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.

the correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the

authors__13__to less codified decision-making process and the possible presence of younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. the

relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.

__17__ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to

invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. it surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative

and__20__rd more than the average, said one researcher.

1. [a] why 2. [a] in return 3. [a] sufficient 4. [a] individualism 5. [a] echo 6. [a] imagined 7. [a] sure

8. [a] advertised 9. [a] explain 10. [a] stages 11. [a] desirable 12. [a] resumed 13. [a] attribute 14. [a] serious 15. [a] thus 16. [a] rapidly 17. [a] after 18. [a] arrives 19. [a] shape 20. [a] pray for [b] where

[b] in particular [b] famous [b] modernism [b] miss [b] measured [b] odd [b] divided [b] overstate [b] factors [b]

sociable [b] held [b] assign [b] civilized [b] instead [b] regularly [b] until [b] jumps [b] rediscover [b] lean towards [c] how

[c] in contrast [c] perfect [c] optimism [c] spoil [c] invented [c] unfortunate [c] overtaxed [c] summarize [c] levels [c] reputable [c]emerged [c] transfer [c] ambitious [c] also [c] directly [c] while [c] hints [c] simplify [c] give away [d] when

[d] in conclusion [d] necessary [d] realism [d] change [d] assumed [d] often

[d] headquartered [d] emphasize [d] methods [d] reliable [d] broke [d]compare [d]experienced [d] never [d] equally [d] since [d] strikes [d] share [d] send out section ii reading comprehension part a directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points) text 1

its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. students without

experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said tom cortina, the assistant dean at carnegie mellons school of computer science.

however, cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. when younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or

test hypotheses. its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, cortina said.

students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.

the flatiron school, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. the high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said victoria friedman, an

instructor. for instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.

the students in the flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next facebook. programming

languages have a quick turnover, so the ruby on rails language they learned may not even be

relevant by the time they enter the job market. but the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem

and organize the results —apply to any coding language, said deborah seehorn, an education consultant for the state of north carolina.

indeed, the flatiron students might not go into it at all. but creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. these kids are going to be surrounded by

computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. the younger they learn how

computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.

21. cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____. [a] complete future job training [b] remodel the way of thinking [c] formulate logical hypotheses [d] perfect artwork production

22. in delivering lessons for high-schoolers, flatiron has considered their____. [a] experience

[b] academic backgrounds [c] career prospects

[d] interest 23. deborah seehorn believes that the skills learned at flatiron will____. [a]. help students learn other computer languages [b]. have to be upgraded when new

technologies come [c] need improving when students look for jobs [d] enable students to make big quick money

24. according to the last paragraph, flatiron students are expected to____. [a] compete with a future army of programmers

[b] stay longer in the information technology industry [c] become better prepared for the digitalized world 2

[d] bring forth innovative computer technologies

25. the word coax (para.6) is closest in meaning to____. [a] challenge [b] persuade [c] frighten [d] misguide

text 2

biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie

chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern united states. but just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.

the crash was a major reason the u.s fish and wildlife service (usfws) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said usfws director daniel ashe. some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. they had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. but ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less

confrontational conservation approaches. in particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.

under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. negotiated by usfws and the states, the plan requires

individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. the fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. usfws also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. and it gives the western association of fish and wildlife agencies (wafwa), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. overall, the idea is to let states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species, ashe said.

not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. some congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too

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