2.2.3 Cautions
2.2.3.1 Do not apply traction suddenly.
2.2.3.2 Be careful to rotate the pelvis in the time of traction.
2.2.3.3 Pay close attention to patient?s feeling and do not apply excess traction weight. 2.2.3.4 Rest is required after the traction and its time is equal to the traction duration. 2.3 One-Dimension Curvature Regulating Method 2.3.1 Indications
2.3.1.1 Injuries of the chest, lumbar and pelvis 2.3.1.2 Prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc 2.3.1.3 Lumbar canal stenosis 2.3.1.4 Lumbar spondylolisthesis 2.3.1.5 Scoliosis
2.3.1.6 Disorders of lumbosacral joint 2.3.1.7 Irregular menstruation of spinal origin 2.3.1.8 Osteoarthritis of lower limbs of spinal origin 2.3.1.9 Ankylosing spondylitis and spinal deformity 2.3.2 Contraindications Same to the supine pelvic traction 2.3.3 Cautions
2.3.3.1 Pay close attention to patient?s condition in the time of traction. Remove the traction if the patient feels pain and numbness are aggravated.
2.3.3.2 The traction duration and weight should gradually increase from the minimum value. For children, the traction weight should be reduced accordingly and its maximum must be no more than half of the body weight.
2.3.3.3 Do not apply excess traction weight.
2.3.3.4 Rest is required after the traction and its time is equal to the traction duration. 2.3.3.5 Aged patients may choose armpit traction belt. 2.4 Two-Dimension Curvature Regulating Method 2.4.1 Indications
2.4.1.1 Prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc accompanying with numbness or pain of unilateral lower limbs
2.4.1.2 Lumbar spondylolisthesis accompanying with numbness or pain of unilateral lower limbs 2.4.1.3 Lumbar canal stenosis accompanying with numbness or pain of unilateral lower limbs 2.4.1.4 Scoliosis with pelvic list 2.4.2 Contraindications
Same to the contraindications of supine pelvic traction 2.4.3 Cautions
2.4.3.1 Same to the one-dimension curvature regulating traction
2.4.3.2 Being cautious to apply this method for the affected limb with severe osteoarthrosis 2.5 Three-Dimension Curvature Regulating Method
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2.5.1 Indications
2.5.1.1 Lumbar spondylolisthesis
2.5.1.2 Dislocation of posterior lumbar joint
2.5.1.3 Increased lumbar curvature needing curvature regulation 2.5.1.4 Decreased lumbosacral intersecting angle 2.5.2 Contraindications
2.5.2.1 Same to the contraindications of supine pelvic traction 2.5.2.2 Severe osteoarthrosis of the lower limb 2.5.2.3 Severe varicosity 2.5.3 Cautions
2.5.3.1 The belt binding the lower limb can?t be fastened at the kneecap and the tightness must be moderate and not too tight in case the blood circulation will be affected.
2.5.3.2 Hanging traction needs to be heightened little by little and patient?s condition must be observed in the whole course.
2.5.3.3 The pivot point of the hanging should be at the lumbosacral joint.
2.5.3.4 The traction duration should be tolerated by the patient and should be gradually increased. 2.5.3.5 Pay close attention to the pulsation of the dorsal artery of foot in the time of traction. 2.5.3.6 Even and moderate removal of the traction is required. 2.6 Four-Dimension Curvature Regulating Method 2.6.1 Indications
2.6.1.1 Thoracolumbar fracture dislocation of bending type
2.6.1.2 Prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc with straightened and reversed lumbar curvature 2.6.1.3 Lumbar canal stenosis with straightened and reversed lumbar curvature
2.6.1.4 Dislocation of posterior lumbar joint with straightened and reversed lumbar curvature 2.6.1.5 Scoliosis 2.6.2 Contraindications
Same to the contraindications of three-dimension curvature regulating method 2.6.2 Cautions
2.6.2.1 The belt binding the lower limb can?t be fastened at the kneecap and the tightness must be moderate and not too tight in case the blood circulation will be affected.
2.6.2.2 Hanging traction of the lower limbs needs to be heightened little by little and patient?s condition must be observed in the whole course.
2.6.2.3 The traction duration should be tolerated by the patient and should be gradually increased. 2.6.2.4 Pay close attention to the pulsation of the dorsal artery of foot in the time of traction. 2.6.2.5 Even and moderate removal of the traction is required and put down the supporting board slowly after disclosing the traction belt of the lower limbs.
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附件1
中医整脊科技术古籍文献考
世界中医药学会联合会脊柱健康标准审定委员会
韦以宗 汤耿民(加拿大) 周霞
《新华网》 9月10日发表
中医整脊科是一门继承创新的学科,调曲复位是其主要技术。而调曲复位所运用的正脊骨十法和牵引调曲法,部分是古籍文献已有记载而世代传承下来的,部分是在整理古籍文献过程中发现,加以研究提高而应用于临床的。这些技术经过科学研究和临床实践总结,明确其操作规范、适应症、禁忌症及注意事项,辑录于2006年出版的《中国整脊学》。尔后又经全国专家论证,作为《中医整脊常见病诊疗指南》的主要技术。这些技术都是源自中医传统文献记载,既不是什么现代人发明,更不是外国传来,其中一些技术发明比西医早几个世纪。现将这套技术的古籍文献记载作一简介。
一、正脊骨十法
正脊骨法,又称正骨法,临床常用有以下十法。
1、按脊松枢法:是按压脊椎,松解颈胸、胸腰枢纽关节的手法。此法最早文献记载是《黄帝内经》的《素问·气府论》:“督脉生病治督脉,治在骨上”。《素问·缪刺论》:“数脊椎侠脊,疾按之应手如痛”。“按摩勿释,著针勿斥,移气于不足,神气乃得复”,“病在筋,调其筋,病在骨,调其骨,”(《调经论》),清代,咸丰年间,刘闻一著《捏骨秘法》,其专列“捏脊骨法”,“凡背骨疼,何处疼,一定何处高。治法:用大指向脊骨高处略略一按,与高低脊骨相平,即愈。”
2、寰枢端转法:用于整复寰枢关节错位的方法,用手指端提轻轻旋转复位的手法,此法源于治颈椎创伤,最早记载为元朝李仲南《永类钤方·风损伤折卷二十二》(公元1331年):”凡摔进颈骨……医用手挼捺平正”(挼即按、揉)。清朝,日本人二宫献彦可在中国学习中医正骨后编成《中国接骨图说》(又名《正骨范》1807年出版),该书将寰枢椎称之为“旋台骨”,“此骨伤共分五证??而左右废活动者,用熊顾子法第一提之。左右歪邪,项强不能顾者,熊顾母法提顿之??徐徐抢解整理之”。
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3、牵颈折顶法:取仰卧位,医者用手掌牵头颅,另一手沿颈椎推拿折顶的手法。此法源自《永类钤方》对颈椎损伤的“挼捺法”。元朝《回回药方》(约1368年):“若脖项骨节脱了,其治法一人托向前,一人于骨节上缓揉令其软,然后入本处”。清朝《捏骨秘法》:“捏头项法(二条)凡脖错捩(伤跌),俱是向后错头,必俯而不直。治法:用左手托住前边,右手向疼处略稍按,按左手稍有知觉即止”。《中国接骨图说》名“熊顾子法第三”(图1)。
4、颈椎旋提法:指将颈椎旋转并向外上方提起的手法,又称“颈椎旋转法”。此法最早文献记载是公元610年,隋朝巢元方的《诸病源候论·风病诸候》描述养生方导引法:“一手长舒,仰掌合掌。一手提颏,挽之向外,一时极势二七,左右亦然。手不动,两向侧势,急挽之,去颈骨急强,头风脑旋,喉痹,膊内冷注,偏风”。这是自我旋转颈椎的手法,其治疗疾病是典型的今天称之为“颈椎病”的症候。后来,明朝的《按摩导引养生秘书》绘图说明。《中国接骨图说》熊顾法,即是此法。“熊顾母法:使患者开两踵于臀外而安坐,医在其背后,践开两脚而直立,低头视患者之额上,安右手于额中央,翻左手以虎口挟持其项骨,指头用力把定发际玉枕骨下陷处,翻右手截其颐于掌上,前后相图。左手自肩用力提之,右手应左手之提,自下抬之,务勿不正左右齐一,令右顾三次,然后当患者头后于胸膛。以左手按额中央,翻右手拉持项骨,载颐于左手掌上如前。令左顾三次”。(图2)
图1、熊顾子法第三 图2、熊顾法
5、提胸过伸法:患者端坐,术者站在背后用膝顶上段胸椎,双手抱胸后伸,或仅用双手抱起过伸胸椎的手法。此法源自唐朝孙思邈《备急千金要方·老子按摩法》(公元652年)“两手相叉头上过,左右申肋,两手拳反背上,掘背上下三遍。两手反提,上下直脊三遍”。元朝《永类钤方·风损伤折卷二十二》:“胸胁伤:凡胸前跌出骨,不得入,令患人靠突处,用两脚踏患人两脚,却用双手抬其肩胸起,其骨自入”。清朝《中国接骨图说》称为“糜风法”:“ 糜风母法:使患者叉手盤立,医坐
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其背后,立右膝跂左踵,置臀于跟上,右腕当脾俞,其指头向胁肋骨横推之,其肘尖架住膝头,以为用力地。插入左手于腋下,屈臂如轩,伸五指横左乳上,掌后腕骨在胸肋拥抱之,使患者体微仰,而挠于后。右手承载患者体,以微推出意转回之。其回也,左手从肩,右手从腰,徐徐为之,勿疾速焉”。
6、胸腰旋转法:指旋转胸腰段的手法。此法源自《备急千金要方·老子按摩法》:“两手相叉头上过,左右申肋十遍,两手拳反背上,掘脊上下三遍。两手反提,上下直脊三遍”。《中国接骨图说》称之“糜风法”:“糜风子法第二:使患者正立,佐者一人在前跋扈,以两手搭住患者两肩上,医蹲患者背后中央,跗两手肘尖于两膝头。两腕骨横当胛骨下。四指斜向两腋拥之,佐者推右肩,则医捺右胛承之,推左肩则捺右胛承之,如被靡风状,左右数次“。
7、腰椎旋转法:指旋转腰椎的手法。此法源自《备急千金要方·老子按摩法》:“两手搽左右捩身二七遍,两手捻,左右扭肩,两手抱头,左右扭腰二七遍”。捩:旋转、扭转之意。《中国接骨图说》称为“燕尾法”:“燕尾母法:使患者上其右髀侧卧而半屈其膝,医立其腰后,跋扈折腰,以左手掌,捺罨髀枢尖骨。右手屈四指,钩住膝头举试之。要髀骨尖头入于掌心,若不入则更为焉。更屈承举膝头,托送患者乳下季胁间,乘势向下顿挫回转之。当其回转曳伸也。左掌以推髀枢尖,带自外面向于背之意,以掌推臀则应机而复焉“。
8、腰骶侧扳法:患者侧身,术者按压骨盆及上胸段,反向侧扳的手法。此法源自《中国接骨图说》之“骑龙法”:“ 骑龙母法:使患者俯卧,而伸脚屈右膝,医立在腰侧,开两脚跋入其右足于患者胯间,屈腰下左手探求腰间脊骨之合缝处。逆掌押其骨尖,下右手持膝头,屈上如燕尾法,乘势回转曳伸之。当其回转曳伸时,以左掌紧捺骨尖,要在中其肯綮焉“。
9、过伸压盆法:患者俯卧,术者将患侧下肢后伸,用肘按压骨盆髂嵴的手法,《中国接骨图说》称“燕尾法”:“燕尾子法第二:使患者侧卧如母法,插入叠被于裹帘所缚伤股间,佐者对立患者面前,两手持被前端,医右手斜合持补后端。而提举之,左手紧捺髀骨尖。回转如母法。其右手不及脚,只被中将送之也。亦要徐迟其曳也,乘势而复其位“。(图3)
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