基于STC89C51单片机的智能电热水器的设计--毕业设计

毕业设计

基于STC89C51

单片机的智能电热水器的设计

摘 要

本设计采用STC89C51单片机为核心来设计智能电热水器。本设计也对单片机控制电热水器实现智能化的可能性进行了分析，利用温度传感器、和继电器等来完成本设计。在硬件设计方面，主要对单片机最小系统及其扩展、电源电路、键盘显示及接口电路、水温检测电路、报警电路进行了详细介绍。还详细介绍了设计中应用到的主要芯片的性能和特点，包括STC89C51、DS18B20等。在软件设计方面，采用C语言编程。

该智能电热水器设计完善，实现方案简单易行。采用软件设计来控制，可以实现智能检测水温，智能加热，并且提高了整机的可靠性及准确性。

关键词：STC89C51，DS18B20，智能

I

ABSTRACT

As technology make a good progress, the applications of single-chip microcomputer become mature all the time. The single-chip microcomputer integrates the various components in a chip, uses the internal bus structure, reduces the connection in different chips, enhanced greatly the reliability and anti-jamming capability. In the development of single-chip microcomputer, due to its excellent cost performance, high integration, small size, high reliability, it has been used as a control center all the time.

Since the birth of single-chip microcomputer, it began to walk into a human’s life, such as washing machines, refrigerators, electronic toys, DMB, which equipped with the single-chip microcomputer, and improved their intelligence, ability. People, who used them, will love them better. The single-chip microcomputer makes human’s life more convenient, comfortable and colorful. As a result, I use single-chip microcomputer to design intelligent electric water heaters.

This paper mainly discusses the intelligent electric water heater how to work. To achieve system goals, in deep analysis of the STC89C51, I made a set of simple and practical control system design. The system is mainly to use single-chip microcomputer to control centers, with specific hardware architecture and the corresponding software design, thus the intelligence of the water heater would become true.

Keywords: single-chip microcomputer, controller, intelligence

II

目 录

第1章 绪论 ·······················································································

1.1 选题的背景、目的及意义 ······························································· 1.2 国内外的研究状况和成果 ······························································· 1.3 研究设想和实验设计 ·····································································

第2章 硬件系统设计 ·········································································

2.1 方案验证 ···················································································· 2.2 硬件系统设计 ··············································································

2.2.1 电源电路 ··········································································· 2.2.2 键盘/显示接口电路 ······························································ 2.2.5 报警电路 ··········································································· 2.2.6 模数转换电路 ····································································· 2.2.7 温度检测电路 ····································································· 2.2.8 水位检测电路 ····································································· 2.2.9 STC89C51功能及特性介绍 ·····················································

第3章 软件系统设计 ·········································································

3.1 主程序流程框图 ·····································································

结论 ······································································································ 参考文献 ······························································································ 致谢 ······································································································ 附录1程序清单 ···················································································· 附录2 电源电路原理图 ········································································· 附录３智能电热水器原理图 附录３ 英文翻译 附录4 中文资料

III

第1章 绪论

1.1 选题的背景、目的及意义

据不完全统计，我市城镇居民家庭以电热水器为主，占总量的60％以上；从前风光无限的燃气热水器渐渐地黯然失色，市场份额仅剩不足20％；新兴的太阳能热水器虽然受到安装条件的限制，但其安全、环保的性能广受消费者青睐，发展态势迅猛，市场占有率已达到15％左右。于安全方面的考虑是城镇居民更多选择电热水器和太阳能热水器的主要原因。时下的商品房通风效果并不好，燃气产生的污染无法及时消除，而电热水器和太阳能热水器则基本没有这方面的忧虑。三大热水器：燃气热水器———廉颇老矣；电热水器———风头正劲；太阳能热水器———后劲十足。电热水器的优点：易安装，不受天气的影响，不受楼层和供水管道的限制，投入小。随着技术进步和新品的开发，下置式、嵌入式等多种安装形式的电热水器先后上市，彻底摆脱了房间空间的限制。中央供水和数码智能的电热水器也已进入市场。电热水器的安全问题涉及到消费者的生命，又加上近些年的能源危机，人们生活节奏的加快，智能化电热水器越来越受到消费者的青睐。在当今社会，科技日新月异，热水器技术飞速发展，越来越多的科技成果被运用到热水器的制造中。如今的热水器产品已经绝对不是一个简单的加热器，而是科技含量高的现代化家电产品。随着我国人民生活水平的逐渐提高，其生活条件有了很大的改善，智能化电器在人们日常生活中占有比重越来越大，与家庭生活密切相关的热水器品种层出不穷，花样翻新。正是在这样的背景下，本设计选择基于STC89C51单片机的智能电热水器的设计研究。

本选题目的是基于人们对现代家庭舒适、便利、安全以及多元化信息服务的需要，基于STC89C51单片机设计具有智能特征的电热水器控制器。

选用STC89C51单片机作为控制芯片，就是为了实现电热水器的智能化，持续稳定的热水供应，自动断电的安全功能，使人们洗浴时能放心享受，利于人们的身体健康，其务实性能快速满足人们对现代生活快节奏的需求。

1.2 国内外研究状况和成果

据了解，热水器内胆最关键，如果内胆损坏就意味着整台机器报废。与其他家用产品不同的是，电热水器没有必要频繁升级换代，出于安全性和经济性的考虑，热水器的耐用性才是厂商需要绞尽脑汁的。空调的核心是压缩机，电扇的核心是电机。对于热水器来说内胆是最关键的，从一定意义来说，内胆的品质就代表热水器的品质。

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