本科生毕业论文
美国对个人不良信用的治理
及其对我国的启示
学生姓名 ____ _ _____ 指导教师 ____ _ _____ 级 别 ____ _____ 学 院 ___ ____ 专 业 ___ ____ 班 级 ___ ____
学 号 __ ___
二0一 年 月 日
本科生毕业论文
美国对个人不良信用的治理及其对我国的启示
摘 要
市场经济实际上是信用经济，市场交易的顺利实现要依赖于交易双方实现所承诺的信用。随着我国市场化程度的不断提高，信用已成为维系各个市场主体之间经济关系的重要纽带。然而，由于我国尚处于社会转型阶段，信用制度尚不完善，公众信用观念薄弱导致市场上出现诸如帐款拖欠和信用欺诈等个人信用不良现象,直接造成市场交易成本增大，阻碍经济的良心循环，不利于提高市场经济效率。个人不良信用治理问题已经成为了制约经济持续健康发展和完善社会主义市场经济体制的桎梏之一。
美国是世界信用交易额最高的国家，也是信用管理行业最好的国家。无论是在个人征信方面，还是在个人信用的法律规制、信用风险评估方面，都拥有了一套较为完善的机制。个人信用记录被称为公民的“第二身份证”，视作为市场经济的基石，个人不良信用现象得到了充分重视和有效治理。
本文通过分析美国个人信用不良现象的治理及其减少信用不良者数量的具体做法，以为我国治理个人不良信用问题，建立个人信用制度提供有益的借鉴。
关键词：美国；个人不良信用；治理方法
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本科生毕业论文
U.S. Personal Bad Credit Management and Its
Enlightenment
Abstract
The market economy is actually the credit economy. The successful realization of market transactions depends on the transaction parties to achieve the promised credit. Along with the continuous improvement of our market, the credit has become an important link between the economic relations. Although China is still in the social transformation, the imperfect credit system and the poor public credit led to lots of personal bad credit phenomena, such as account in arrear and credit fraud and so on. It is the direct result to enhance market transaction costs and slowing economic cycle of conscience. It ultimately affect the efficiency of the market economy. The management of the personal bad credit has become a severe problem of our healthy economic development and the socialist market economic system,.
U.S. is the country that has the highest credit transactions in the world. It also has the best credit management industry. Whether in the personal credit information, or in the individual credit risk assessment, The United States has a more complete mechanism. Personal credit records are known as the citizens' \identities\regarded as the cornerstone of a market economy. Personal bad credit phenomenon has been given adequate attention and effective governance.
This paper analyzes the management of the U.S. personal credit bad and the specific practices of reducing credit delinquents. It provides useful lessons to deal with our problem of personal bad credit and build the personal credit system.
Key words: United States, Personal Bad Credit, Control Method
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本科生毕业论文
目 录
引言.............................................................................................................................................1 一、治理个人不良信用的必要性.............................................................................................2 （一）个人不良信用危害经济效率.........................................................................................2 （二）个人不良信用的失信成本.............................................................................................3 二、美国对个人不良信用的治理.............................................................................................4 （一）美国对个人不良信用的事前预警.................................................................................4 1．美国费科信用评分...............................................................................................................4 2．美国费科信用分的评分方法...............................................................................................5 （二）美国治理个人不良信用的事后惩戒.............................................................................6 1．美国信用法规约束机制.......................................................................................................7 2．美国个人不良信用惩戒措施的特点...................................................................................8 三、我国个人不良信用治理的现状....................................................................................... 11 （一）我国个人信用面临的困境........................................................................................... 11 1．个人信用相关立法尚需完善............................................................................................. 11 2．社会信用信息不对称.........................................................................................................12 3．社会信用意识尚未形成,缺乏有效的失信惩戒机制........................................................12 （二）我国正加快个人不良信用治理的步伐.......................................................................13 1．地方个人联合征信试点.....................................................................................................13 2．我国个人信用信息基础数据库的建设.............................................................................14 3．我国的个人信用评分模型已初具规模.............................................................................15 四、美国个人不良信用治理对我国的启示...........................................................................17 （一）完善的信用立法是治理个人不良信用的基础...........................................................17 1．制定与公平信用相关的法律.............................................................................................17 2．制定对失信惩戒相关的法律.............................................................................................18 （二）现代个人信用意识是治理个人不良信用的根本.......................................................18 （三）高效的失信惩戒机制是治理个人不良信用的关键...................................................19 1．社会道德惩戒.....................................................................................................................20 2．经济价值惩戒.....................................................................................................................20
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本科生毕业论文
3．法律惩戒.............................................................................................................................21 （四）健全个人信用中介机构是治理个人不良信用的核心...............................................21 结束语.......................................................................................................................................23 参考文献...................................................................................................................................24 致 谢.......................................................................................................................................25 声明及论文使用的授权...........................................................................................................25
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