外文翻译 - FMS（柔性制造系统）;定义与描述

毕业设计（英文翻译）

FMS: DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION

Summary：

1. Flexible manufacturing systems are regarded as one of the most efficient methods to employ in reducing or eliminating problems in manufacturing industries. 2. Definitions of FMS vary depending on industry type and the user’s point of view. 3. FMS enables manufacturers to machine a wide of workpieces on few machines with low staffing levels, productively, reliably, and predictably.

4. FMS is made up of hardware elements (machine tools, movable pallets, material-handling equipment, coordinate measuring machines, computer hardware equipment, and the like)and software elements ( NC programs, inspection programs, work-order files, and FMS software ). The sophisticated FMS software is what actually drives the system.

5. A true FMS can handle a wide variety of different parts, producing them one at a time in random order.

6. FMS is not an end in itself, but a means to an end and the natural partner to integrate to existing CAD/CAM systems and progress toward CIM.

Key words: FMS NC CAM CAD

Definitions of FMS，or Flexible Manufacturing Systems ,are plentiful and in many respects are dependent on the ultimate user’s point of view as to what the FMS consists of and how it will be used. However, the following represent a collection of FMS definitions, some traceable and some not traceable to their originating source. 1. United States Government: A series of automatic machine tool or items of fabrication equipment linked together with an automatic material handling system, a common hierarchical digital preprogrammed computer control, and provision for random fabrication of parts or assemblies that fall within predetermined families.

2. Kearney and Trecker：A FMS is a group of NC machine tools that can randomly process a group of parts, having automated material handling and central computer control to dynamically balance resource utilization so that the system can adapt automatically to changes in parts production, mixes, and levels of output.

3. FMS is a randomly loaded automated system based on group technology manufacturing linking integrated computer control and a group of machines to automatically produce and handle(move) parts for continuous serial processing.

4. FMS combines microelectronics and mechanical engineering to bring the economics of scale to batch work. A central on-line computer controls the machine tools，other workstations, and the transfer of components and tooling, The computer

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also provides monitoring and information control. This combination of flexibility and overall control makes possible the production of a wide range of products in small numbers.

5. A process under control to produce varieties of components or products within its stated capability and to a predetermined.

6. A technology which will help achieve leaner factories with better response times, lower unit costs, and higher quality under an improved level of management and capital control.

Regardless of how broadly or narrowly FMS is defined, several key items emerge as critical to a general definition of FMS, and repeat themselves through a cross-section of standard definitions. Words like NC machine tools, automatic material handling system, central computer controlled, randomly loaded, linked together and flexible, all serve to help define a very general description and definition of FMS.

Flexible manufacturing systems are based on modular part producing machinery machine tools, or injection molding machines, for example, and a wide variety of ancillary support equipment , linked and integrated together under central computer control to produce a variety of component in random order.

Basically, a FMS is made up of hardware and software elements. Hardware elements are visible and tangible such as CNC machine tools, pallet queuing carousels (part parking lots), material handling equipment (robots or automatic guided vehicles), central chip removal and coolant systems, tooling system, coordinate measuring machines(CMMs), part cleaning stations, and computer hardware equipment. Software elements are invisible and intangible such as NC programs, traffic management software, tooling information, CMM program work-order files .and sophisticated FMS software. A typical FMS layout and its major identifiable components can be seen in Fig-1.

A true FMS can handle a wide variety of dissimilar parts, producing them one at a time, in any order ,as needed (very few so-called FMSs meet this strict definition ). To adapt efficiently in this mode, a FMS must have several types of flexibility. It needs the flexibility to adapt to varying volume requirements and changing part mixes, to accept new parts, and to accommodate design an engineering modifications. FMS also requires the flexibility to cope with unforeseen and unpredictable. FMS also requires the flexibility to cope with unforeseen and unpredictable such as machine downtime problems or last minute schedule changes; and the ability to grow with the times through system expansion and configuration, improvements, and alterations. These types of flexibility are made possible through computers and appropriate FMS software.

In the long rage, FMS is the natural partner for CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) which ultimately all server to bring a product from design from design to reality by the most efficient and cost-efficient means.

In a FMS installation, the moment-by-moment functions, actions, and decisions are inherent within the system-operating completely without (or with very little) human

毕业设计（英文翻译）

intervention. These moment-by-moment activities involve not only material handling, but also inspection, part washing, tool storage, fixturing, and warehousing, in addition to downloading of NC programs and other normal machine functions.

Depending on a company’s specific manufacturing needs, a FMS may or may not be the answer. The graph in Fig-2 illustrates the range of application solutions available for a given set of workpiece volume and variety requirements. A FMS is set apart from any other kind of manufacturing system, such as a transfer line used in high volume automotive applications, because of its ability to accept parts or components in varying quantities, in random order. Thus, a FMS can be designed to process any product, in an volume, in any order, within the family of components designed for the system./

By definition, a FMS can simultaneously process a variety of workpieces, using tooling and fixturing made available at the right machine, at the right time, and in the right sequence. The FMS computer functions to identify these needs and allocates resources in the from of tooling, fixtures, material movement, and NC and inspection programs in order to fulfill predetermined work order requirements.

Is there an optimum size of FMS? At the present time the answer is no; size depends on users’ needs and resources. The number of NC machines in a system, for example, can be as low as one or two. This can provide a starting point for those who wish to take advantage of FMS in a step-by-step or phased-in approach.

Generally, the number of processing machines or machine tools is three to ten. But what about the evolution of FMS.

The concept of flexible manufacturing systems was born in London in the 1960s when David Williamson, a research and development engineer, came up with both the name and the concept. At the time he was thinking in terms of a flexible machining system, and it was in a machine shop that the first FMS was installed. His concept was called System 24 because it was scheduled to operate for 24 hours a day under the control of a computer, but otherwise unmanned on the 16-hour night shift. This simple concept of decentralized computer control of machine tools, combined with the idea of using machine tools for 24 hours per day (16 unmanned on night shift ), was the beginning of FMSs.

Williamson planned to use NC (numerically controlled) machines to work out a series of machining operations on a wide range of detail parts. Workpieces would be loaded manually on pallets, which would then be delivered to the machines and loaded automatically when needed. Each machine would be equipped with a magazine from which tools could be selected systematically to perform a variety of different operations. Included in this overall process were systems for removing chips and cleaning workpieces. Included in this overall process were systems for removing chips and cleaning workpicecs. This system combined the versatility of computer-controlled machines with very low manning levels.

With the growth in computer-controlled equipment and broader applications developing from metal forming to assembly, the concept of “flexible machining systems” was broadened to become what is known today as “flexible manufacturing systems,” or FMS.

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As the first FMS systems were installed in Europe, they followed Williamson’s concept, and users quickly discovered that the principles would be ideal for the manufacture of low-volume, high-variety products. The addition of refinements to a FMS to detect and compensate for tool wear were then added to further aid unattended FMS operations. These first FMSs on the market had dual computers: DNC(direct numerical control) for cell control functions and a separate computer to the traffic and management information systems.

Since the 1970s there has been an explosion in system controls and operational enhancements. The programmable controller appeared in the late 1970s. and the personal computer emerged utilizing distributed logic control with many levels of intelligent decision making capabilities.

Thus, through a conceptual idea originating with David Williamson, it became possible to machine a wide variety of workpieces on few machines with low manning levels productively, reliably, and predictably; this is what FMS is all about. In almost any manufacturing industry, FMS will pay dividends as long as it is applied in its broad sense, and not just to define a machining system.

The FMS has evolved rapidly and will continue to evolve because technology continues to evolve, global competition intensifies, and the concept of flexible manufacturing gains wider acceptance. The growth of flexible manufacturing is projected to increase steadily in the years ahead.

In 1984, 56 percent of all FMSs were used for manufacturing machinery and 41 percent for manufacturing transportation components. Construction and material-handling industries will comprise around 12 percent of the user market in the early 1990s as their adoption of FMS increases.

Flexible automation is presently feasible for a few machining operations that account for a fraction of the total manufacturing process. However, development efforts continue to expand the FMS’s capabilities in the areas of improved diagnostics and sensors, high speed, noncontact, on-line inspection, multifunction or quick spindle head changing machine tools, and extending flexible automation to include forming, heat treating, and assembly. This is why FMS continues to grow and prosper. It feeds on technology evolving and expanding as technology itself evolves and expands.

毕业设计（英文翻译）

FMS(柔性制造系统)；定义与描述

摘要:

1.柔性制造系统被认为是在减少或消除加工企业问题方面所采用的作为有效的方法之一.

2.FMS定义取决于企业类型和用户的观点.

3.FMS是制造商在很少的机器上无需较高的人员水平便能高效可靠地加工出各种预期的工件.

4.FMS由硬件(机场、移动托盘、物料处理装置,坐标测量机、计算机硬件等等)和软件(NC程序,检查程序,工作清单文件,FMS软件)组成,复杂的FMS实际上由软件驱动着系统.

5.一个真正的FMS可处理各种不同的工件,在某一个时间内加工其中任一规格的品种.

6.FMS不是自身的最终目标,而是达到最终目标的工具,是集成CAD/CAM系统向CIM迈进的自然伙伴.

关键词： 柔性制造系统 数控技术 计算机辅助制造 计算

机辅助设计

FMS或柔性制造系统的定义很多，很多方面取决于最终用户对于FMS的组成、如何使用的观念。如下汇集了有来源和无来源的FMS的定义。

1.美国政府；一系列自动机床和分项组合机床通过一个自动物料

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