语言学 期末考试 复习材料(5)

A. from B. until C. work D. and

17. Which processes of lexical change does the Chinese word ―国务院‖

experienced?

A. Blending B. Abbreviation C. Borrowing D. Back-formation 18. Which word is created through the process of acronym? A. ad B. edit C. AIDS D. Bobo 19. The word ―math‖ is formed through ____.

A. back formation B. clipping C. Blending D. derivation

20. ______ is the branch of grammar that studies the internal structure of words,

and the rules by which words are formed.

A. Affix B. Inflection C. Allomorph D. Morphology

BCCDA BADBC ACDAD CBCBD

17. The name of “Morning Star”, “Evening Star” and “Venus” is one of the example that different words or name may refer to the same ______. A. denotation B. connotation C. reference D. sense

18. When we analyze the words “thrifty, economical, stingy” , they are synonyms but they have different ________.

A. stylistic meaning B. denotative meaning

C. affective meaning D. collocational meaning 19. Proposition is expressed by a _______ .

A. negative sentence B. declarative sentence

C. interrogative sentence D. imperative sentence (祈使句)

20. “ Seeing those pictures reminds him of his childhood.” The underlined part in the sentence is _______.

A. agent case B. object case C. instrument case D. benefactive case

17. The reference theory is not suitable for a. prep. and conj.

18. Treating meaning as denotation can never give a meaning to most adjectives. 19. Case grammar is analyzed according to traditional grammar. 20. The word ―CAT‖ in the dictionary may have its referent.

6. A: Let‘s get something to kids.

B: Okey , but not I-C-E C-R-E-A-M-S. In the conversation B violets the _____.

A: Quantity Maxim B. Quality Maxim C. Relevance Maxim D. Clarity Maxim 7. A: I really like the dinner. B: I‘m vegetarian.

There is a _____ violation in the conversation. A. Quantity B. Quality C. Relevance D. Clarity 8. A: How are you?

B: I‘m dead.

There is a _____ violation in the conversation. A. Quantity B. Quality C. Relevance D. Clarity

9. A; Would you like a cocktail? It‘s my own invention. B: Well, mmm uh it‘s not that we don‘t not drink. There is a _____ violation in the conversation. A. Quantity B. Quality C. Relevance D. Clarity 10. A: Are you going to Steve‘s barbecue? B: A barbecue is an outdoor party.

There is a _____ violation in the conversation. A. Quantity B. Quality C. Relevance C. Clarity

11. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in _____.

A. relationship B. dependence C. sentence D. context 12. To analyze the following sentences ______ is Performative. A. You congratulate me. B. I envy you. C. I command you to put out that cigarette. D. I warned you not to go.

13. _____ act expresses the intention of the speaker. A. Locutionary B. Illocutionary C. Perlocutionary D. Speech act

24. According to Austin, Speech Acts fall into ______ general categories. A. four B. two C. three D. five C

33. The significance of Grice‘s CP lies in the fact that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey ______ that which is literally said.

A. more than B. less than C. the same as D. none of the above

34. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes ______.

A. a sentence B. an act C. a unit D. an utterance 35. The part of the response to the speech acted by the hearer is _____.

A. Locution B. Illocution C. Perlocution D. Direct action

36. _____ may perform an act but lay stress on describing the intention of the speaker. A. Speech Act Theory B. Perlucution C. Performative D. Constative

6-13DCBDADCB 33 ADCD

Questins:

1. What organs are involved in speech production?

2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ? With examples.

Both phonetics and phonology study human speech sounds but they differ in the levels of analysis. Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. The

speech sounds goes through a three-step process: speech production; sound transmission; and speech perception.

Phonology is the study of the sound pattern and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur.

Semantics and __1__are complementary to__2__ — hence ?complementarism‘. According to Morris‘s trichotomy , __3__ is the study of ?the formal relation of signs to one another‘, __4__ is the study of ?the relation of signs to the objects to which the signs are applicable ‘,and pragmatics is the study of ?the relation of signs to__5__‘. a) each other b) Pragmatics c) semantics d) interpreters e) syntax baecd

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