大学英语四级词汇和语法复习(4)

I have made the change as you suggested.

I remember the whole thing as if it happened only yesterday. 6．结果状语从句的连词 尽管这几年，四级考试中并没有考题涉及结果状语，同学们还是应该了解以下结果状语从句的一些用法。首先让我们先来熟悉一下结果状语从句所在句式：

1) so … that…/ such ….that

该句式中重要考查的是so和such的区别。应注意以下可能出现的结构：

so nice a boy that… such a nice boy that…

so beautiful/diligent/carefully … that…

such (fine weather/great improvement) that… 2) so that

Everyone lend a hand, so that the sowing was done in time. 该句式中主要考查so that 与其它短语的区别，如：

I took no notice of him, ___ he flew into a rage. A.for that B.so that C.in that D.but that

由于so that也可以引导目的状语从句，同学们应特别注意从句中时态的运用。 3) so much so that

该结构用于形容词或副词之后，表示\到如此程度以致于\。如：

He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk.

I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night. 4) 注意结构状语从句与too….to..enough to…, so… as to结构的不同。 7．目的状语从句的连词

目的状语从句是比较常用的，也是比较简单的状语从句。就目的状语从句而言，第一，同学们应该清楚的是引导目的状语从句各连词所表达的语义差别，对于个别的状语从句中的时态要求应有所了解。具体测试中，主要是根据主从句的语意逻辑关系来判断从句的属性。如：

① I was advised to arrange for insurance ___ I needed medical treatment.

A.nevertheless B.although C.in case D.so that (1999.1)

② The man mad was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ___ himself. A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure (1998.1) 从这两题我们可以看出，

1） 在解答状语从句的试题时，首先是判断主从句的逻辑关系，意思确定了，答案也就有了。如第一题，安排保险的目的是以防自己有朝一日需要医务治疗，而能表达这种目的含义的只有选项C。

2） 注意状语从句中的时态，如lest后常用should + 原形动词，should可以省略，而第二题也正式对这一原则的考查。

3） 注意其它表目的连词的用法，如for fear that表示\恐怕\以免\等：

The workers never complain though they are badly treated for fear that they might lose their job. 8．地点状语从句

表示地点的自然是where或 wherever引导，要求同学们做到的就是在考试中能从上下文中看出从句表地点的特征。如：

① Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ____ other more well-informed experimenters failed.(1998.1) A.which B.that C.what D.where

② I have kept the portrait ___ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.(1996.1) A.which B.where C.whether D.when 这种地点状语从句一般是与定语从句相比较，如上面第一题，也可能与其它状语相比较，如第二题。

9．自我训练

上面我和同学们一起分析了四级考试中对状语从句的考查方式和解题的一些注意事项，下面，请同学们做《语法分册》131-132上的有关题目。 五、名词性从句

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，在四级考试中所占比重不大，约4.7%。在讲解名词性从句的考试方式和答题要素前，让我们先看以下几题： Test Yourself

1) Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _____ will happen to her private life.(2000.1)

A.that B.what C.it D.this

2) We agreed to accept ____ they thought was not the best tourist guide.(2000.1)

A.whatever B.whomever C.whichever D.whoever

3) In some countries, ____ is called \ equal rights for all people.

A.which B.what C.that D.one (1995.6)

4) When I try to understand ____ that prevents so many Americans from being as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes.(1998.1) A.why it does B.what it does C.what it is D.why it is 5) They are teachers and don't realize ____ to start and run a company.(1995.1)

A.what it takes B.what takes it C.what they take D.what takes them

6) By success I don't mean ____ usually thought of when that word is used.(1996.6)

A.what is B.that we C.as you D.all is

7) The mere fact _____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.(1997.6) A.what B.which C.that vD.why

8) There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.(2000.6)

A.that B.which C.in which D.whose Explanation and Expansion

A． 参考答案：1) B 2) D 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) A 7) C 8)A B． 评析

1) 名词性从句的考查主要集中在两点，一是从句的语序为直陈语序，这一点在上面的

5）题就有涉及。

2) 另一点则是名词性从句的连词的选择，而其中以what的使用最为广泛，涉及what连词的占5/8。

3) 连词what为缩合连词，相当于all that/ everything that等，而与之经常在同一题出现的which为疑问连词，表示\哪一个？\的概念，that做名词性从句的连词在从句中不做任何成分，也因此经常省略。在解这种题时一是看从句所表达的含义，最重要的是看连词在从句中是否做主语、宾语或表语。

4) 注意whoever 与who的差别。whoever相当于anyone who，而who为疑问连词。但从四级考试来看，更倾向于whoever 与whatever, whichever等的比较。也就是说，测试倾向于句子的理解，而不只是语法规则的记忆。

5) 除what以为，when, where, why也都可做缩合连词来用，考生也应引以注意，如：

I still remember when this used to be a small quiet village. Is this where you and yours got robbed the other day?

6) 名词性从句考查设疑的另一点就是从句与非从句的比较，如1）中是否可以用it 或this，3）中是否可以用one等。

7) 同位语从句一般以that为连词者句多，如上面的7）8）两题。这类从句的特点是从句表示与其同位的名词的具体内容，连词that没有任何词汇意义，也没有任何句法功能。 Self-practice

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