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毕业设计说明书

基于单片机的数字采控器

设计

专业 电气工程及其自动化

张美琪 2012年06月08日

学生姓名 班学

级 号

指导教师 完成日期

盐城工学院本科生毕业论文（毕业设计说明书） 2012

基于单片机的数字采控器设计

摘 要：数字采集系统简称DAS（Digital Acquisition System），是指将温度、压力、

流量、位移等模拟量进行采集、量化转换成数字量后，以便由计算机进行存储、处理、显示或打印的装置。数字采集系统是采集系统中最常见的类型，随着单片机技术的飞速发展，通过单片机对被控对象进行控制日益成为今后的一个重要发展的方向。人们需要一种应用范围广、性价比高的数据采集系统。

本次设计主要采集对象为数字量，通过单片机采集输入端的数字量去控制输出端继电器的动作。本设计包括两种控制方式：一种是本地控制；另一种是RS-485远程控制。两种设计同时实现以下功能：本机地址设置、波特率设置、继电器控制。通过RS-485通信时利用上位机控制继电器动作，并进行界面显示。

该设计是以STC89C52单片机为控制核心，选用RS-485通信技术进行远程控制。即通过串口通信实现单片机与PC机之间的通信，完成了单片机的多通道数据采集控制系统的设计。

关键词：数字采集器；单片机； RS-485

盐城工学院本科生毕业论文（毕业设计说明书） 2012

Design of Microcontroller - Dased Digital Acquisition

Controller

Abstract: Data Acquisition System referred to DAS (Data Acquisition System), refers

to the temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, such as simulation of a collection, quantitative, converted into digital, so as to provide computer storage, processing, display or print device. Digital Acquisition System Acquisition System is the most common type, with the rapid development of SCM technology, the object through the MCU control has increasingly become an important future development direction. So people require a broad scope of application, high reliability and low-cost data acquisition system.

The design is primarily a collection of objects for digital, SCM Acquisition digital input to control the action of output relay. This design includes two control methods: One is Local control; another is RS-485 remote control. The two designs to achieve the following functions: Local address is set, the baud rate settings, relay control. PC control relay RS-485 and interface display.

The design is based on STC89C52 microcontroller as the core, Selection of RS-485 communication technology for remote control. Communication between the MCU and PC through the serial communication, the complete single-chip multi-hannel data acquisition and control system design.

Key Words: Data acquisition; MCU; Communication; RS-485

盐城工学院本科生毕业论文（毕业设计说明书） 2012

目 录

1 概 述 .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题研究的背景 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 课题研究的意义 .................................................................................................... 1 1.3 课题研究的内容 .................................................................................................... 2 2 系统方案设计 .................................................................................................................. 3

2.1 系统的设计要求 .................................................................................................... 3 2.2 总体方案设计论证及选择 .................................................................................... 3

2.2.1 总体方案设计 .............................................................................................. 3 2.2.2 单片机选型 .................................................................................................. 3 2.2.3 数字量信号采集方案选择 .......................................................................... 7 2.2.4 数字量输入电路 .......................................................................................... 7 2.2.5 数字量输出电路方案选择 .......................................................................... 9 2.2.6 通信电路方案选择 .................................................................................... 11 2.3 硬件开发环境 ...................................................................................................... 12 2.4 软件开发环境 ...................................................................................................... 13 3 硬件电路设计 ................................................................................................................ 14

3.1 系统硬件电路原理结构框图 .............................................................................. 14 3.2 系统模块电路设计 .............................................................................................. 14 3.2.1 单片机最小系统设计 ................................................................................ 14 3.2.2 系统电源电路设计 .................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 系统数字量输入电路设计 ........................................................................ 16 3.2.4 系统数字量输出电路设计 ........................................................................ 17 3.2.5 RS-485通信电路设计 ................................................................................ 18 3.2.6 通信波特率和本机地址设置电路设计 .................................................... 18

4 软件设计 ........................................................................................................................ 21

4.1 系统软件设计 ...................................................................................................... 21 5 系统调试 ........................................................................................................................ 26

5.1 硬件调试 .............................................................................................................. 26 5.2 软件调试 .............................................................................................................. 27 6 结束语 ............................................................................................................................ 36 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................ 37 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................ 38 附 录 ............................................................................................................................ 39

附 录1 设计图纸 .................................................................................................... 39 附 录2 元器件清单 ................................................................................................ 41 附 录3 程序清单 .................................................................................................... 42

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