南航研究生英语课后翻译(2)

数据库服务。你可以用电子邮件把问候语与电视图像、声音、数据等压缩在一起。更重要的是，它通过大信息量的数据交换促进人们之间的合作。人们已经进行了在互联网现场传输声音和图像的实验。互联网庞大的规模使它有望成为信息高速公路的主干线。但为了支持越来越多的用户和多媒体应用，必须增加频带宽度，这是信息高速公路的核心问题。

Internet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense Department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Experiments on transmitting live audio and video over the Internet have also been conducted. The sheer size of the Internet makes it a candidate for the backbone of the Information Superhighway. But in order to support the growing number of users and the multimedia applications, the available bandwidth will have to increase dramatically, which is the technical problem at the core of the Information Superhighway.

Unit 14

The word “science” seems to contain some magic power; if put forward, it should bring about immediate consent, with no possible discussion. This situation is exploited for advertisement, but it is basically unsound. Science is not a creed. It was not revealed to man by some superior deity. Science is a product of the human brains, and as such, it is always open to discussion and possible revision. There is no absolute truth in it: rather relativity is its rule. It represents a logical summary of human knowledge, based on human observation and experience, both of which are always of limited range and finite accuracy. As for the logic introduced into the classification of empirical facts, it is typically a product of our brain. We select experimental results that appear to us as logically connected together, and we ignore many facts that do not fit into our “logic”. This rather artificial procedure is our own invention and we are so proud of it that we insist its results should be considered as “laws of nature”.

科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不合情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学无绝对真理，科学的真理，总是相对的。它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当做“自然规律”来对待。 一门科学，它研究某一类事物，研究这一类事物里各个成员之间的关系。因此，自然科学的理想形式是与数学的理想形式相同的。自然科学的目的是去发现这样一些关系，即在某种情况下有事件P出现时，一定也有事件Q出现。当一门学科从描述性的定性阶段发展到以定

量和解释的方式表达相互关系的阶段时，该门科学就以数学的形式出现了。天文学曾一度是一门描述性的科学。但是，开普勒（Kepler）和牛顿（Newton）的工作确立了这样的基础，利用这些基础，天体运动规律可用数学来表示。正是在这个意义上，数学有时可称为科学的语言。当科学的结论采用定量的形式表达，并频繁地启发新的实验时，就要使用数学的假设命题了；另一方面，观察到的科学数据极其复杂，会刺激数学的发展，并拓宽数学的基础。 A branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that if an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q also present. As a branch of science advances/develops from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes/takes on a mathematical form. Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but work of Kepler and Newton established foundations, by means of which the laws of the heavenly bodies’ motions could be expressed mathematically. It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. When the scientific conclusions take on/assumes a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments, the hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play/in need; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broaden its foundation.

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