武汉理工大学研究生英语下学期6到10单元纯翻译句子

Unit 6

My dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in my attempt to outdo the Oxford English.

我的字典没有变得丰富起来，所以一段时间之后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿，但是有几个月，我努力的想要超过《牛津英语词典》。

When a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated in dictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.

当短语中出现这样的词时，它们要么在词典的条目中标出，要么单独列为词条。

Ireworded them of course — even at the tender age of 12, I was intuitively aware of the dangers of plagiarism — but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.

当我进行改写-即使是在12岁这么一个幼小的年纪，我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害-但是我也意识到我的角色就是整理以前词典编纂家的智慧。

Now that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.

既然所有这些新的统计数据已经在手，包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等，将它们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况是理所当然的。

This means we are in a better position than ever before to provide a description of English that reliably corresponds to the way that people speak and write the language.

这意味着我们现在处在比以往任何时候更优越的地位，能够可靠的对英语进行描述，并与人们说或写这种语言的方式保持一致。

B

There were said to be something like two million of these slips already collected, tied together in rough order, no doubt covered in dust and lint, curled and yellow, and perhaps even crumbling themselves with age and decrepitude.

据说这些纸条已经收集了两百万条，粗略的分类后捆在一起，不用说已经布满了灰尘。有的纸条已经卷曲发黄，有的因年久而破碎。

One problem was that readers had never bothered to consider with much enthusiasm what might be called the ordinary words of the language — they had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones.

问题之一是：志愿阅读者对于所谓“普通词语”的热情关注向来就不高；他们总是受到某种诱惑力的吸引，寄来一些令人感兴趣的词汇的引语，而不是日常词汇的引语。

Take special of passage which show or imply that a word is either new and tentative, or needing explanation as obsolete and archaic, and which thus help to fix the date of its introduction or disuse.

有些段落要特别注意：他能显示一个词语刚开始使用，或由于古老、过时而需要解释，这样的段落有助于确定那个词语被引进或停止使用的时间。

One had to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a litter unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so wildly different in its constitution from those they were used to.

人们不禁会不太友善地猜测，这是由于坚持规定性语言学观点的权威学者的影响。在这些地方的人们也许囿于原来的习惯，对于为编写完全不同的词典进行文献阅读该如何审慎小心抱有一定的犹豫态度。

The sub-editors who did all these checking would pin together the slips that fed into each category of meaning and attach with the same pin a piece of paper that showed a first attempt at a definition of what the slips’ quotations appeared to show the word to mean.

助理编辑把所有的核对做完后，用一根别针把属于同一类词义的纸条别在一起，并且根据引语所显示的词义，尝试写出定义的初稿，把初稿定义的纸条也别在这一小捆纸条上。

Unit 7

A

Fourteen years of higher education and a handful of Ivy League degrees, and there I was, stiff and stupid, struck dumb by my own dumbness. “Ivy retardation,” a friend of mine calls this.

有14年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作经历的我傻乎乎的站在那里，笨拙不堪，尴尬不已。有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位”。

To consider that while some opportunities are being created, others are being cancelled and that while some abilities are being developed, others are being crippled is, within this context, not only outrageous, but inconceivable.

但是在这个背景下，如果认为它创造了一些机会，却丧失了其他机会；培养了有些能力，却也削弱了其他能力，不仅是反常的而且是不可思议的。

There is nothing wrong with taking pride in one’s intellect or knowledge. There is something wrong with the smugness and self-congratulation that elite schools connive at.

对自己的智慧或者知识感到自豪没有任何不对的地方。名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧是不对的。

Not the most abject academic failure, not the most heinous act of plagiarism, not even threatening a fellow student with bodily harm — I’ve heard of all three — will get you expelled.

不管是最绝望的课程不及格，还是最可恶的抄袭行为，甚至是对其他同学的身体伤害的威胁等都不会被开除，这三种情况我都听说过。

Long before they got to college, they turned themselves into world-class hoop-jumpers and teacher-pleasers, getting A’s in every class no matter how boring they found the teacher or how pointless the subject, racking up eight or ten extracurricular activities no matter what else they wanted to do with their time.

在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成世界一流的俯首帖耳、讨好老师的小爬虫，在每门课上都得优秀成绩，不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味，也不管他们觉得这门课多么没有意义。他们也尽力积累八到十个课外活动，不管他们多想用这些时间做别的事情。

B

Certainly many neurotic boomer parents — and their stressed-out, resume-building teenagers — assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State University because of Harvard’s presumably superior educational environment, better alumni connections, and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.

对于那些在生育高峰期出生，已为人父母的人和那些焦虑不安，整日忙于增加阅历、以使简历内容更加丰富的十几岁的孩子来说，选择哈佛大学当然比重点州立大学更好。大概因为哈佛有优越的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。

It’s true that big law firms, major teaching hospitals, and investment banks — heck, even the offices of FORTUNE — are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It’s also true that if you want a career at

what passes for the American establishment — Sullivan & Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs — a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.

这是一个事实，如果你想在被当作美国经济基石的公司谋得一份职业，如苏利文·克伦威尔律师事务（Sullivan & Cromwell），麦肯锡（McKinsey），高盛（Goldman Sachs）等，那么一份镶金的学位证书无疑是一个独特的优势。

The advantage of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky, an education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a prestigious undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it this way: “It’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-priced, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring. But you have to grab it.”

宾尼法尼亚大学的教育学教授（Robert Zemsky）认为读有名的大学是划算的，他这样说：“这就好比是旋转木马上的铜环。如果你选择去一个昂贵的高选择性的学校，你就有更好的机会能够击中铜环。但是你必须得抓住它”

So listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at the University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahoma when you grow up, you’re probably better off graduating a Sooner.

请高校的高年级学生听好了：如果你仅仅只是毕业于俄克拉荷马州立大学你的人生并没有完蛋。而事实上，如果你想长大后成为俄克拉荷马州的州长，你还能够近水楼台先得月。

Most studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing it value.

很多研究运用未来收入，因为这是那些被称为经济学家的老家伙们最青睐的计算标准。但是，知道一件所购之物的成本效率并不等于知道它的价值。

Unit 8

A

As darkness fell on the olive trees and the grazing deer, I slipped into the Jacuzzi in my tree house and listened to the Pacific breakers roll in.

夜幕降临到橄榄树和吃草的群鹿身上，在树屋中，我猾进按摩浴缸，听着太平洋波涛滚滚的声音。

Kaikoura is not a name that trips off the tongue when you list those lucky places that offer encounters with nature and a touch of luxury.

与那些让游人接触大自然和获得奢侈享受的著名景点相比，凯库拉并不是人们耳熟能详的名字。

There’s a shock of cold water and a heave of ocean swell, even though we’re within sight of the mountains, not a half a mile from the shore.

尽管我们还能看到山峦，离岸边还不到半英里，却感到一股冰冷的水袭和湍急的海涌。 Today, the hunt is for thrills not kills.

今天，追踪鲸鱼是为了刺激而不是杀戮。

It’s a view that the modern world is starting to share. And here in Kaikoura, you can experience it for real.

这一点当今世界渐达共识。在凯库拉这里，你可以真真切切的体验到。 B

It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.

它常常造成的水资源紧张的局面，迫使当地居民争夺紧缺资源。

Because of the hot climate and tendency of tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day.

由于气候炎热，游客度假时倾向于使用比在家里更多的水，用水量可以达到每天440升。 In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment — rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides.

在旅游活动集中的地区和颇具人气的自然景点，废物处理是一个严峻的问题，处置不当可能威胁到自然环境—河流、风景区和路边。

Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination.

通常旅游业未能将其结构与当地自然特征和本土建筑相结合。

It can also cause loss of biodiversity when land and resources are strained by excessive use, and when impacts on vegetation, wildlife, mountain, marine and coastal environments and water resources exceed the carrying capacity.

当土地和资源被过度使用，植被、野生动物、高山、海洋和海岸环境和水资源超出其承载能力时，也会导致生物多样性的丧失。

Unit 9

A

On any day, the average U.S. consumer is exposed to constant messages about beauty and appearance.

每一天，美国消费者普遍都会接触到源源不断的有关美丽和外貌的信息。

Cosmetic interventions are about normalizing — that is, striving to achieve the current cultural norms of appearance.

化妆是一个标准化问题，即尽力实现当前大家都认同的外貌标准。

The more devoted society becomes to physical looks, the more difficult it is for regular people who may feel that they do not measure up.

社会越多的关注外在样貌，普通人越会感到难以符合标准。

The organization encourages patients to become educated about their options. 这个组织鼓励患者对自己的选择要有所认识和了解。

So, too, does the amount of time and money we spend on what is ultimately a futile goal: cheating time.

同样，我们在这样一个终归是毫无意义的目标上耗费的时间和金钱也是如此：只是为了欺骗岁月。

B

The government’s sudden decision to ask for a halt to breast-enlargement operations because they might be unsafe has terrified 2 million women who have had them.

政府突然决定要停止施行隆胸手术，理由是这种手术可能不够安全。这一局定使得两百万接受过这一手术的妇女感到惊恐。

Until recently the most remarkable thing about cosmetic in America, was how unremarkable it was.

在美国美容业当前最引人注目的是它的过去多么为人们所忽视。

New rules may discipline the industry, but they are unlikely to stop it growing unless the American obsession with physical beauty sours.

新的规定可能会对这一行业有所约束，但不大可能阻止它的发展，除非美国人不再那么迷恋于形体美。

When pushed to defend their trade, cosmetic surgeons argue that “vanity surgery” is often just an extension of reconstructive surgery.

迫于舆论压力，整容医生不得不为自己的行业辩护。他们争辩说，被称为“美容外科”的整容手术常常只不过是再造外科手术的一种延续而已。

Critics say this is surrendering their identities to the white stereotypes that appear on the media. Surgeons say that the point is more subtle: minorities wants to de-emphasize rather than eradicate their looks.

评论家指出这是放弃他们自身的特征儿趋附于宣传媒介中出现的那种白人的形象。整容医生说事情还有更加微妙之处，其实少数民族只想别太突出他们的外表而并非要根除他们的容貌特征。

Unit 10

A

The spill is “an insidious enemy.” Said Coast Guard Admiral Thad W. Allen, “This is a long campaign, and we’re going to be dealing with this for the foreseeable future.”

美国海岸警卫队司令泰德·艾伦说：“漏油是一个阴险狡猾的敌人，这将是一场持久战，为了不远的将来，我们当然会全力以赴”。

Even when the company did something right, it couldn’t do it right. 即使公司采取了正确的措施也于事无补了。

President Barack Obama — criticized for being too cool in a crisis — has begun to reflect America’s rage.

在墨西哥湾漏油事故发生后，一直置身事外而饱受诟病的奥巴马总统，开始回应国人的愤怒。

And all of us bear responsibility too for depending on and demanding cheap oil underwritten by risky drilling while showing again and again at the ballot box that we wouldn’t support a government that really regulated the industry.

我们也咎由自取，因为我们过分依赖和需求由高风险钻井开采的廉价石油，同时，在投票选举中我们也一次次地反对真正能够规范这个行业的政府政府行为。

As difficult as cleaning the oil over the next several months will be, mopping up the bureaucratic slop that led to the Gulf spill will be far tougher.

接下来的几个月清理油污会很困难，而肃清导致海湾地区石油泄漏时间的官僚政治腐败更举步维艰。

B

If conservationists hope to save even the wild lands and wild creatures, they are going to have to address issues of economy, which is to say issues of the health of the health of the landscapes and the towns and cities where we do our work, and the quality of that work, and the well-being of the people who do the work.

如果生态保护者们希望能挽救的即便是荒地和野生动物，他们也将不得不解决经济方面的问题，也就是指地区风貌和我们工作的城镇、城市的健康问题，以及这项工作的质量和做这项工作的人们的福祉。

We know that soil erosion, air and water pollution, urban sprawl, the proliferation of highways and garbage are making our lives always less pleasant, less healthful, less sustainable, and our dwelling places more ugly.

我们知道我们正在自己的森林里滥砍滥伐；我们知道水土流失、空气及水源污染、城市蔓生，以及公路和垃圾暴增，常常使自己的生活更加不如意、不健康、不可忍受，住所更加丑陋不堪。

Such damage is justified by its corporate perpetrators and their political abettors in the name of the “free market” and “free enterprise”, but this is a freedom that makes greed the dominant economic virtue, and it destroys the freedom of other people along with their communities and livelihoods.

这种损害是其企业肇事者及政治教唆者们以“自由市场”和“自由企业”的民义来得以辩护的。但是这种自由是以贪婪为主导的经济美德。它会破坏他人的自由，以及他们的社区和生活。

As a result, our once-beautiful and bountiful countryside has been a colony of the coal, timber, and agribusiness corporations, yielding an immense wealth of energy and raw materials at an immense cost to our land and our land’s people.

其结果就是，我们曾经美丽而富饶的乡村长期以来都是作为煤炭、木材、农业产业的殖民地，以我们的土地及其子民的巨大牺牲来换取能源和原材料的巨额财富。

Furthermore, to permit the smaller enterprises always to be ruined by false advantages, either at home or in the global economy, is ultimately to destroy local, regional, and even national capabilities of producing vital supplies such as food and textiles.

此外，无论在国内还是在全球经济范围内，让小型企业在这些人为的优势之下破产，最终将会破坏地方、区域甚至国家生产重要供应品的能力，比如食品和纺织品。

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