基于单片机的十字路口交通信号灯控制-毕业设计论文

摘要

随着现在社会的发展和城市规模的扩大，城市十字路口车流量越来越多，很容易发生交通拥堵，因此城市交通系统想要保证高效安全的交通秩序，需要制定一套完善的交通规则以及一套智能的交通控制系统。虽然现有的交通系统已经很完善，但是其红绿灯时间相对固定，若短时间内车流量发生改变，难免会发生交通拥挤的现象。本论文以城市十字路口交通信号灯为研究对象，以基本交通规则，结合单片机技术，对十字路口交通信号灯进行了分析和研究。

文章讲述了基于STC89C52单片机的十字路口交通信号灯控制系统，该系统模块由STC89C52单片机最小系统、led模拟交通灯、交通灯倒计时显示、车流量检测及车流量显示、功能按键等模块组成。该系统除了能实现基本交通灯功能外，还具有手动设置红黄绿倒计时显示时间、车流量检测及显示、紧急状态切换、紧急数据保存及恢复等相关功能。理论证明该系统操作性简单，减少交通拥挤发生的概率。

【关键词】车流量检测 交通灯控制 STC89C52

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Abstract

With the expansion of the scale of development and urban society now , more and more traffic crossroads city , is prone to traffic jams , so the city wants to ensure efficient and safe transportation system traffic order , the need to develop a comprehensive traffic rules and an intelligent traffic control system . While the existing transportation system has been perfect , but its relatively fixed traffic lights , traffic flow changes within a short time if the inevitable traffic congestion may occur. In this thesis, the city crossroads traffic lights as the research object to the basic rules of the road , combined with chip technology, on the crossroads of traffic lights were analyzed and studied.

Based on the article about the traffic lights at the crossroads STC89C52 SCM control system, the system module consists STC89C52 smallest single-chip system , led simulated traffic lights , traffic lights countdown display , traffic detection and traffic display, function keys and other modules. In addition the system can achieve the basic function of traffic lights , but also has to manually set red yellow and green countdown time , traffic detection and display, emergency switch , emergency data storage and recovery , and other related functions. Simple theory shows that the system operability and reduce the probability of congestion occurs .

【Keywords】STC89C52 Traffic Light Control Traffic Flow Detection

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目录

绪论 1

一、交通灯控制系统研究的目的和意义 ..........................................................1 二、交通灯控制系统设计要求 ...........................................................................1 三、交通灯控制系统设计内容 ...........................................................................2 四、本章小结 .......................................................................................................2 第一章 总体方案设计与选择论证 ..........................................................................3

1.1 交通信号灯控制系统的发展历程 .............................................................3 1.2 国内交通信号灯发展及其现状 .................................................................4 1.3 交通信号灯控制系统的通行方案 .............................................................4 1.4 各硬件电路方案选择 .................................................................................6

1.4.1 主控制器方案选择 ..........................................................................6 1.4.2 显示方案选择 ..................................................................................6 1.4.3 车流量检测方案选择 ......................................................................7 1.4.4 电源方案选择 ..................................................................................7 1.4.5 按键方案选择 ..................................................................................8 1.5 本章小结 .....................................................................................................8 第二章 系统设计 ........................................................................................................9

2.1 总体设计 .....................................................................................................9 2.2 STC89C52RC单片机简介 .......................................................................10 2.3 EEPROM简介 ..........................................................................................12

2.3.1 STC89C52RC内部EEPROM .......................................................12 2.3.2 EEPROM原理 ...............................................................................12

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2.4 八段数码管简介 .......................................................................................14

2.4.1 八段数码管的种类和内部结构 ....................................................14 2.4.2 八段数码管显示原理 ....................................................................14 2.4.3 八段数码管显示驱动方式 ............................................................15 2.5 系统硬件电路设计 ...................................................................................16

2.5.1 STC89C52RC单片机最小系统设计 ............................................16 2.5.2 串口通信电路设计 ........................................................................17 2.5.3 矩阵按键电路设计 ........................................................................18 2.5.4 车流量检测电路设计 ....................................................................19 2.5.5 数码管段位控制电路设计 ............................................................20 2.6 本章小结 ...................................................................................................20 第三章 程序设计 ....................................................................................................21

3.1 程序主体设计 ...........................................................................................21

3.1.1 矩阵按键程序设计 ........................................................................22 3.1.2 中断服务程序设计 ........................................................................23 3.1.3 断电数据保护程序设计 ................................................................24 3.2 定时器原理 ...............................................................................................25 3.3 本章小结 ...................................................................................................26 第四章 系统仿真与调试 ........................................................................................27

4.1 系统仿真软件proteus简介 .....................................................................27 4.2 交通信号灯系统仿真 ...............................................................................27

4.2.1 系统仿真原理图绘制 ....................................................................27 4.2.2 原理图仿真效果 ............................................................................28 4.3 实际作品调试 ...........................................................................................30 4.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................30

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