辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。 这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可还是会用掉一次点击数。 所以，制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。
14 In the experiment sessions, students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors appearing on the screen. (Para. 6)
Meaning: During the period of the experiment, students at MIT played a game on the computer, where they could see three doors appearing on the screen. With each click on a door, students were able to find some cash behind it.
15 The rule was the more money you earned, the better player you were, given a total of 100 clicks. (Para. 6)
Meaning: The rule for the game was that each player could totally click 100 times to get the money that was behind the doors, and at the end of the game the person who earned the most money was the best player.
Sentence structure note: “The more …, the more …” 句型 1 “The more … , the more …” 句型表示“越…，（就）越…”， 是一个复合句，其中第一个the more引出的句子是条件状语从句，后面的句子是主句。比较部分本身在从句中可以是宾语、状语、表语，也可以是主语。例如： The more calories they burn up, the leaner they will become. 他们燃烧的卡路里越多就会越瘦。（比较部分the more calories 在从句中是宾语。）
The more I observed, the more different categories I discovered. 我对鸟观察得越多，发现的不同类别就越多。（比较部分the more 在从句中是状语。）
Clearly, the more successful and popular the artist is, the greater demands there are from TV, radio and the press. 显然，越成功越受欢迎的艺术家，越受电视、电台和报刊的青睐。（比较部分the more successful and popular 在从句中是表语。）
The more air there is inside the tire, the greater pressure there is in it. 轮胎里空气越多，承受的压力就越大。（比较部分the more air 在从句中是主语。）
2 若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句是条件状语从句，其谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功，进步就越大。 3 “The more … , the more …” 句型的变化。若表示“越…，越不…”时，常用 “the more … , the less …” 句型； 若表示“越不…， 就越…” 时, 常用 “the less…，the more…”句型。例如：
The more she flatters me, the less I like her. 她越奉承我，我就越不喜欢她。 The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不担心，工作就干得越好。
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辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
16 Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it, they would use up one click but wouldn’t get any money. However, each subsequent click on that door would earn a fluctuating sum of money, with one door always revealing more money than the others. (Para. 6)
Meaning beyond words: Even though the click on any door to open it wouldn’t earn any money, each click afterward would give a certain amount of money, with one door always having more money than the other two. To be the winner of the game, the students should quickly check all the doors first and then keep clicking on the one with the highest rewards.
7 While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left un-clicked for a short while would shrink in size and vanish. Since they already understood the game, they should have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they vanished, trying to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the students so attached to the lesser doors? They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn't the true factor.
7 在玩游戏时，学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：如果有片刻没点击某扇门，那扇门就会慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失的门不予理睬。 然而，在它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门，试图让它们开启着。 结果是，他们在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。 为什么学生对那些变小的门如此依恋呢？ 他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机会。但是，据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。
17 While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left un-clicked for a short while would shrink in size and vanish. (Para. 7)
Meaning: In the process of the game, students noticed something changed on the screen: If they didn’t click a door for a short while, the door would become smaller and disappear eventually.
Meaning beyond words: In the game, an un-clicked door would become smaller and finally disappear — an analogy between closed doors in the game and closed future options in life.
18 Since they already understood the game, they should have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they vanished, trying to keep them open. (Para. 7)
辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016
辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
Meaning beyond words: Since students understood the game, they were expected to ignore the doors being closed. Nevertheless, students rushed to click these less important doors. This indicates they couldn’t bear the pain to lose any opportunities and had a strong desire to keep all the options open.
lesser: a. (fml.) (only before noun) not as large, as important, or as much as sth. else 更小的；次要的；更少的
I’ll spend important holidays with family members and ask others to join me for lesser holidays. 我会与家人一起过重要的节日，并请其他人和我一起过不甚重要的节日。
19 As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the students so attached to the lesser doors? (Para. 7)
Meaning: Just because students used up so many clicks were trying to keep the vanishing doors open, they lost money or the game in the end. Why were students so unable to see their future options vanish?
20 They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn’t the true factor. (Para. 7) Meaning: The students would probably argue that they were trying to hold the doors to keep future options open, but, according to Dr. Ariely, that wasn’t the real reason. Note: protest 在表示“公开反对；抗议”时，常用作不及物动词，后接about/against/at。在美语中，protest 在表示“公开反对；抗议”时，也可用作及物动词。例如：
He protested the action in a telephone call to the president. 他在打电话给总统时，抗议了该行动。
8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open, underneath it all the students' desire was to avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching options close. \and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss,\says. In the experiment, the price was easily measured in lost cash. In life, the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities.
8 在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前的选择机会被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。 阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇选择之门就如同经受了一次损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。” 在实验中，损失很容易用丢失的现金来衡量。 在生活中，相应的损失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。 21 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open, underneath it all the students’ desire was to avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching
辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016
辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
options close. (Para. 8)
Meaning: Keeping future options available was only an excuse. What students couldn’t bear was the immediate but momentary pain of watching options disappear.
22 “Closing a door on an option is experienced as a loss, and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss,” Dr. Ariely says. (Para. 8)
Meaning beyond words: According to Dr. Ariely, closing a door on an option is felt as a loss. To avoid such an emotional loss, people would rather pay the high cost to keep all the doors of opportunity open.
23 In the experiment, the price was easily measured in lost cash. In life, the corresponding costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities. (Para. 8)
Meaning beyond words: In the experiment, the cost of keeping options open could be easily counted in lost cash, while in life the cost cannot be easily measured.
9 \Dr. Ariely writes. \the childhood of our sons and daughters is slipping away.\
9 “有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博士写道：“我们可能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。”
24 “Sometimes these doors are closing too slowly for us to see them vanishing,” Dr. Ariely writes. “We may work more hours at our jobs without realizing that the childhood of our sons and daughters is slipping away.” (Para. 9)
Meaning: According to Dr. Ariely, sometimes the doors in real life are closing slowly, so we don’t really see the future opportunities vanishing away visually. This is just like when we work long hours, we hardly notice that the childhood of our sons and daughters is disappearing. Meaning beyond words: People are indifferent to the things which seem to be intangible and trivial to them. They keep themselves busy all the time, but they actually lose a lot in life.
10 So, what can be done to restore balance in our lives? One answer, Dr. Ariely says, is to implement more prohibitions on overbooking. We can work to reduce options on our own, delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. He points to marriage as an example, \we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open. We close doors and announce to others we've closed doors.\
辽东学院外国语学院公共英语本科教学部 Copyright 2007-2016
辽东学院外国语学院大学英语系列教案 新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 第2册
10 那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办法是制止更多的超额预约。 我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，甚至放弃一些点子，让其他人去做。 他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承诺不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得最佳选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”
27 We can work to reduce options on our own, delegating tasks to others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. (Para. 10)
Meaning: We can take the initiative to close our doors with too many options: Ask others to do our tasks and even give others our ideas to let them carry out our ideas.
28 He points to marriage as an example, “In marriage, we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open. We close doors and announce to others we’ve closed doors.” (Para. 10)
Meaning beyond word: Marriage is a good example when talking about closing doors of options in order to open windows of opportunity. We tell others that we are married and close the door to new relationships. Doing so makes our marriage successful. 25 So, what can be done to restore balance in our lives? (Para. 10)
Meaning: The tendency to keep all our doors open might have damaged our life already, but what can we do to make our life balanced again? 26 One answer, Dr. Ariely says, is to implement more prohibitions on overbooking. (Para. 10)
Meaning beyond words: In Dr. Ariely’s opinion, one way is to take action to limit the amount of things we schedule in our daily lives and to reduce the amount of things we plan to do in the future. We should simplify our lives. overbook: v. sell more tickets than you have available 超额预订；超额订出
Planes are crowded, airlines overbook, and departures are almost never on time. 飞机拥挤不堪，航空公司超额售票，起飞时间几乎从未准点过。
Unfortunately, there has been a major problem with overbooking rooms among the hotels here. 不幸的是，超额预订房间一直是这里的酒店一个主要的问题。
Note: The word overbook is a compound verb from the combination of over and book. Prefix over- combines with verbs to form new verbs. Words formed in this way indicate an action is done to a too large extent.
11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr. Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his load. He urges the rest of us to resign from committees, prune holiday card lists, rethink hobbies and remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.
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