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M2U1 Grammar and usage
Present perfect tense & Present perfect continuous
tense
一、现在完成时
1、 构成 2、用法
I表示过去发生的事对现在具有影响。
1） Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.
2） The boy is happy. He has caught a bird.
II表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在或者还将持续下去。
1）I have not seen Justin since Last Friday night.
2) Daniel has lived in Beijing since he came to China.
III表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。此时下列词汇经常和现在完成时连用：already, ever, never, for, just, lately/ recently, since, yet。
1） The boy has already come home.
2） I haven’t heard anything from him yet.
其中，for + 一段时间，since + 某个时间点。
e.g. We haven’t seen him for two days. We haven’t seen him since last Monday.
IV表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复的动作。
1） Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.
2） I have advised him to give up smoking many times, but he just won’t listen to
me.
V 现在完成时还可用于下列句型中：
This/It is the best/ finest/ most interesting + that- clause,
This/It is the first/ second… time + that- clause, that 从句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时。 一般过去时
1） This is the best book that I have read.
2） It is the first time that I have seen the film.
3） It is/ has been a long time since I came to Wuxi.
3、注意
1）现在完成时不和明确的表示时间的词连用，如yesterday, last week, in 1976等。
2）表示短暂意义的动词，如begin, leave, arrive, return, stop, open, go, come, die等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
* Read the following sentences and say T or F .
(1) He has come to Beijing since last year. F
(2) He has been here for three years. T
(3) He has joined the army for three years F
(4) He has been a solider for 3 years. T
(5) It is 3 years since he joined the army. T
(6) He has joined the army. T
二、现在完成进行时
1、 构成 e.g. I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home.
2、用法
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