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Defining a Contemporary Chinese Architecture

The Fusion of Tao and Fa

ABSTRACT From the house to the precinct to the city,a generation is taking Chinese architecture in new directions.Working independently,working

collaboratively,enriching their own intellectual discourse from multiple sources,and under intense interest from the test of the world, in a country where designing for growth and change have critical importance,they represent the vanguard of a people seeking new self-definitions while transforming themselves for a new

century ,achieving a "fusion of architecture, landscape architecture,and city planning". KEY WORDS Contemporary Chinese Architecture;Authenticity in Chinese Architecture;Historic Preservation in Chinese Architecture;Landscape Architecture in China

Speaking at the twentieth ULA (The International Union of Architects) Congress in the Great Hall of the People at Tiananmen Square in June 1999,Professor Wu Liangyong of Tsinghua University set out principles for global urban development for consideration in a document entitled,”The Beijing Charter.”He described the framework that had guided his own country’s building traditions:”Classical Chinese philosophers went to greet pains to pinpoint the differences between methodology (alternatively translated as Dao or Tao) which concerns an intellectual framework,and methods (Fa) which deal with specific techniques.”

He challenged those present to consider principles to guide future growth,such as the “fusion of architecture ,landscape architecture,and city planning,”and to capture the ongoing technological revolution while remembering the benefits of "indigenous culture."

Professor Wu's words seem prescient.if,ten years ago ,examples reflecting the highest standards of modernity in design and construction were limited to specific,showcase buildings in china ,building materials and systems were advancing,however,to meet the demands of demographic and economic shifts.the "Tao" and "Fa" were accelerating toward a kind of genetic fusion as the global economy quickly grew.

"Knowledge begins with practice.Theoretical knowledge that is acquired through practice must then return to practice.The active function of knowledge manifests itself not only in the active leap from perceptual to rational knowledge but —and this is more important—it must manifest itself in the leap from rational knowledge to revolutionary practice.

As suggested in the writings of Chairman MaoZedong, the relationship between theory and practice is recursive.There are many ways to apply this aphorism within contemporary urban and architectural discourse,and it may prove as useful for our purposes to co-think the roles of emerging practices in China given the distance between those theorizing the urban condition of China ,and those producing its material reality. Given the breadth of contemporary practices in China,knowledge

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