基于PLC的普通车床电气控制系统硬件设计1

摘 要

车床是机械加工中使用最广泛的机床，它可以用于切削各种工件的外圆、内孔、端面及螺纹等。现代生产机械多采用机械、电气、液压、气动相结合的控制技术。电气控制技术起联接中枢作用，应用最为广泛。用普通机床加工出来的产品普遍存在质量差、品种少、档次低、成本高、供货期长，所以本次设计以普通车床为对象，设计了一套综合、高效的PLC控制系统，提高了普通车床的生产效率、控制精度和产品质量。PLC（可编程控制器）作为一种工业控制微型计算机，它以其编程方便、操作简单尤其是它的高可控性等优点，在工业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用。本次设计就是以PLC控制系统取代传统的继电器-接触器控制系统。

文章首先介绍了普通车床的结构以及电气控制系统，然后介绍了PLC控制系统的硬件结构、工作原理以及设计PLC控制系统的基本原则和步骤，根据任务要求设计了PLC控制系统，其中包括PLC的选型、硬件设计以及软件设计等。最后连接西门子触摸屏TP177B装置，实现监控和控制操作。

本设计的关键就是要在原继电器控制电路的基础上，经过合理的转换，从而设计出具有相同功能的PLC控制程序。

关键词： PLC；车床；电气控制系统；触控屏；

Abstract Machining lathe is the most widely used tool, it can be used to cut various parts of the cylindrical, bore, thread end, and so on. The modern production machinery uses the control technology which the machinery, the electricity, the hydraulic pressure, air operated unify. The electric control technology plays the joint main center role, the application is most widespread. Out of the ordinary machining prevalence of poor quality products, variety of small, low grade, high cost, delivery and long, so this design object is an ordinary lathe, designed a comprehensive and efficient PLC control system, improved lathe productivity, control accuracy and product quality. PLC (programmable controller) as an industrial control micro-computer, with its easy programming, simple operation, especially its high controllability, etc., in the industrial production process has been widely used. The PLC control system design is to replace traditional Relay - contact device control system.

The article first introduces the lathe, and electrical control systems, PLC control

system and then introduces the hardware structure, operation principle and design of the basic principles of PLC control systems and procedures, according to the task to design a PLC control system, including the PLC elections type, hardware design and software design. Finally, Siemens touch screen TP177B connected devices, monitoring and control operations to achieve.

The key originally designed is that should be on the basis of control circuit of original relay, through rational conversion , thus design PLC control procedure with same function.

Key Words：PLC ; Lathe; Electrical Control System; Touch Screen

目 录

摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................... 1

Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 2

目 录 ..................................................................................................................................... 3

引 言 .................................................................................................................................. 6

1 C6140型普通车床概述....................................................................................................... 8

1.1 C6140型车床的主要结构 ........................................................................................ 8

1.1.1 C6140车床的主要运动 ................................................................................. 8

1.2 C6140型普通车床技术参数表 ............................................................................... 9

2 车床电气控制系统分析及总体设计 ................................................................................ 9

2.1 车床的电气控制电路原理图 .................................................................................. 9

2.2 车床电路分析和电气控制要求 ............................................................................ 10

2.2.1 主电路分析 ................................................................................................... 10

2.2.2 控制电路分析............................................................................................... 10

2.2.3 信号及照明电路 .......................................................................................... 11

2.3 电器元件明细表 ..................................................................................................... 11

2.4 电气控制系统总体设计思路 ................................................................................ 12

3 系统硬件设计及PLC概况和应用 ................................................................................. 13

3.1 PLC的概况 .............................................................................................................. 13

3.2 PLC的特点 .............................................................................................................. 14

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