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细检查。Thisisbestdoneinashort-stayunitinthehospital,inaspecialunitintheemergencydepartment,orifnecessary,byregularhospitaladmission.最好能在医院短期留观或者在急诊室观察,如果有必要可以入院观察。Inaperiodofhours,vaguepainwithminimalphysicalfindingsmayproceedtodefinitelocalizedpainwithtenderness,guarding,andreboundtenderness;ifthatoccurs,operationshouldfollow如果在数小时内,没有明显体征的腹胀转化为明确的局限性腹痛,肌卫和反跳痛,则手术指证明显。Afterseveralhours,thepatient’ssymptomsandsignsmayalsoresolve.也有可能,数小时后病人的症状和体征消失。Whenthathappens,thepatientcanbedismissed,althoughthepatientshouldhaveafollow-upappointmentscheduledwithinadayorsotopermitre-examinationtobecertainthatanimportantdiagnosiswasnotmissed.如果是这种情况,病人可以出院,虽然仍需短期的随访和重新检查,以免遗漏重要的诊断。Certainpatientsaredifficulttoevaluatebecauseofspecialcharacteristics.有些病人由于特殊性很难评估。Forexample,patientswhoareneurologicallyimpairedasresultofstrokeoraspinalcordinjurymaybedifficulttoevaluate.如由于中风或脊髓损伤导致的神经系统功能不全的病人。Patientswhoareundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcoholmayrequirespecialorsubsequentexamination.受药物(毒品)或酒精影响的病人需要进行特殊或者后续进一步检查。Patientswhotakesteroidsorareotherwiseimmunosuppresseddeservespecialmentionbecausesteroidsandimmunosuppressionmasktheintensityofabdominalpainandthephysicalfindingsofsevere,life-threateningintra-abdominaldisease.服用类固醇或免疫抑制剂的病人需要特别注意,因为类固醇和免疫抑制剂能掩盖腹痛的程度及严重致命的腹腔疾病。Patientsinthiscategorywhohavepersistent,unequivocalabdominalpainandevenminimalfindingsshouldbeconsideredforsurgicaloperation.unequivocal明确的,不模棱两可的此类病人如果有持续性,明确的腹痛,甚至轻微的腹痛也应该手术。Somepatientswithclearfindingsoftheacuteabdomenmaybetreatedwithoutsurgicaloperation有些病人即使有明确的急腹症也可以不需要手术。Forexample,patientswithperforatedduodenalulcerwhoseekattentionlateinthecourseoftheirdiseaseaftertheyhavebeensickforseveraldaysmaybetreatedbestbycarefulsupportivecareincludingnasogastricsuction,intravenousfluids,andpainrelief.如十二指肠溃疡穿孔病人,病人已有多天,而发作也很迟,最好进行支持性治疗,
如胃肠减压,静脉输液和止痛。
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