浅谈中国传统文人画的审美选择(2)

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浅谈中国传统文人画的审美选择

汪彦鹏 【摘 要】文人画是一种综合型艺术，集文学、书法、绘画、篆刻艺术为一体，是画家文化素养多方面的集中体现。它崇尚“意似”贬斥“形似”，追求笔墨意蕴，讲究诗书画印结合，并要求画者的学养深厚方能言之有物，画面格调才能高雅。传统文人书画以不同于院体画的另一种典范意义对后世文人画的发展产生了广泛的影响对文人画及中国传统文人书画教育中的审美倾向进行正确研究和批判的继承仍具有积极的现实意义。

【关键词】 文人画 审美倾向 绘画艺术

Discussion on Chinese traditional literati painting aesthetic choice

Wangyanpeng Abstract：pick literati painting is a kind of comprehensive art collection literature, calligraphy, painting, seal cutting art, as a whole, is the painter culture many aspects embodied. It advocates "meaning like" demote" shape", the pursuit of ink meaning, exquisite poetry works in conjunction with India, and asked to draw the deep cultivation can having substance in speech, to elegant picture style. The traditional literati painting to painting differs from another model significance on later painting development has exerted an extensive influence on the literati painting and Chinese traditional literati painting and calligraphy education in aesthetic tendency correctly study and critical inheritance still has a positive and practical significance.

Keywords：Literati painting； aesthetic tendency of ；painting art

一、文人画的基本概述及其发展

（一）文人画的定义

文人画（Southern School），亦称“士夫画”，中国画的一种。泛指中国封建社会中文人、士大夫所作之画。以别于民间画工和宫廷画院职业画家的绘画，北宋苏轼提出“士夫画”，明代董其昌称道“文人之画”，以唐代王维为其创始者，并目为南宗之祖。但旧时也往往借以抬高士大夫阶层的绘画艺术，鄙视民间画工及院体画家。唐代张彦远在《历代名画记》曾说：“自古善画者，莫非衣冠贵胄，逸士高人，非闾阎之所能为也。”此说影响甚久。近代陈衡恪则认为“文人画有四个要素：人品、学问、才情和思想，具此四者，乃能完善。”通常“文人画”多取材于山水、花鸟、梅兰竹菊和木石等，借以发抒“性灵”或个人抱负，间亦寓有对民族压迫或对腐朽政治的愤懑之情。他们标举“士气”、“逸品”，崇尚品藻，讲求笔墨情趣，脱略形似，强调神韵，很重视文学、书法修养和画中意境的 - 2 -

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