实用英语综合教程第一册教案(7)

as the adverbial of time in the clause.

e.g. 1) There was a time when I completely lost my self-confidence. 2) I will never forget those days when we were together.

7. For me, classroom is not the only place where you can learn.

where you can learn: This is a restrictive relative clause introduced by the relative adverb ―where‖, which is used as the adverbial of place in the clause.

e.g. 1) Do you still remember the restaurant where we had dinner last night? 2) This is the place where he stayed his whole life.

8. In short, it’s a real mistake not to take the chance to study a wide range of subjects and to learn to work with other people because education does count.

it’s a real mistake not to take the chance: This is an example of a negative infinitive structure, where ―not‖ is placed before an infinitive.

e.g. 1) We are asked not to speak loudly in class.

2) It is a good idea not to go out on such a rainy day.

IV. Focus on Grammar 名词(Noun )

一、名词的概念 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词叫做名词。

二、名词的分类 按照意义划分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 1. 专有名词

专有名词表示特定的人或物，如人名、地名、机构组织名称等，首字母须大写，有些须带定冠词。如

Shakespeare Michael Jordan New York Europe the Atlantic the Philippines the United Nations the People’s Republic of China 2. 普通名词

普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称，又可分为四类。 1）个体名词：指人或物的个体，可以计数。如：a book, two books’; a teacher, several teachers 2）集体名词：指一群人或物的总称，有些可数，有些不可数，而有些总以复数形式出现。 可数集体名词，如：class, team, family

不可数集体名词，如：furniture, equipment, machinery 复数形式的集体名词，如：people, police, clothes

3）物质名词：表示不能分为个体的物质，为不可数名词。如：meat, milk, gold, cloth, land 4）抽象名词：表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念，为不可数名词。如：friendship, hunger 三、名词的计数 按照名词是否有复数形式，还可以把名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词的复数形式构成有规则变化与不规则变化之分。 1. 规则可数名词复数形式的构成详见学生用书。 2. 不规则名词的复数构成主要有以下几种情况：

1）通过内部元音变换成复数。如：foot-feet, mouse-mice, man-men 2）通过加-en变为复数。如：child-children, ox-oxen

3）有些名词单复数同形。如：means-means, species-species, sheep-sheep 4）外来词的复数形式。如：analysis-analyses, datum-data, criterion-criteria 3. 不可数名词的计数：不可数名词的计数须使用―单位词‖。如： A piece of news, an article of furniture, a bar of chocolate, a bowl of rice

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