exercises(3)

-tion -ent

Form negatives of each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non-, un- smoker capable practical security relevant mature ability officially willingness legal agreement logical loyal convenient athletic Keys:

nonsmoker，incapable，impractical，disobey，insecurity，irrelevant，immature，inability/disability，unofficially，unwillingness，illegal，disagreement，illogical，disloyal，inconvenient，nonathletic 用否定前缀in-（及其变体）、non-、un-构成下列单词的反义词 correct, friendly, wrap, free, rational, consistent, remarked, business, green, expected, smoker, balanced, empty, polite, complete, resistant, trivial, candidate, attention, science, logical, informative , literate, assuming, remitting, mortal, perishable, sane, forgettable

In English, there are quite a few prefixes that connote negation. They include ―a-, un-, in-, dis-, mis-, non-, de-‖, and the like. Can you give one or two examples for each.

How would you distinguish between ―un-‖ and ―non-‖ in terms of their

obey

meaning and use? Can we prefix ―un-‖ to adjectives like ―tall, ill‖ and ―black‖? Why or why not?

Turn the following nouns and adjectives into verbs with suffixes –en, -ify, -ize and then choose appropriate verbs you have formed to fill in the blanks in the sentences that follow. hard horror modern memory false apology deep glory sterile length intense beauty fat sympathy

a．He _________ for interrupting her.

b．She tried to _________ her room with posters and plants.

c．A study has been ordered into the feasibility of _________ the airport‘s main runway by two hundred meters.

d．However much they _________ with her, they all felt it was her fault.

e．Soya is excellent food to _________ cattle. f．She laughed and that seemed to ________ her voice.

g．Forty thousand pound had been spent on _________ the station. h．_________ the bottles by immersing them in boiling water for fifteen minutes.

Each of the following sentences contains a word printed in bold type. Complete the sentences by using this word to form a noun to refer to a

person.

a．If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _________. b．A _________ is someone whose job is politics.

c．The ________s in a discussion are the people who participate in it. d．A woman who works as a _________ does the same job as a waiter. e．The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the _________.

f．Your _________ is the person who teaches you.

g．A _________ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano.

h．If someone examines you, you are the _________ and he or she is the _________.

What is the meaning of the prefixes in the following words?

indirect, endanger, dissimilar, unwind, interconnect, misconduct, oversleep, rewrite, untie, redraw, postgraduate, disallow Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes. a) –able, -ible

consum , comprehens , exchange ,permiss b) –ant, -ent

absorb , assist , differ , particip c) –ar, -er, -or

construct , li , begg , edit , develop d) –ary, -ery

element , station , brew , mock Change the following words into nouns:

admit, accept, allow, enter, expect, warm, strong, persuade, jealous Provide more examples suffixed with ―-ling‖ (e.g. weakling) and ―-ish‖ (e.g. womanish) that are negative in attitude.

Identify the derivational affixes in the following words. Give a meaning or function for each one.

childish, declassify, freedom, illimitable, immovable, insufferable, misapprehension, withdrawal

Decide whether the statements below are true or false.

1.Non- differs un- in frequently expressing a binary contrast (without gradability) rather than the opposite end of a scale.

2.A number of suffixes yield items that can be used both as nouns and as adjectives, such as –ese, -an , -ist, -ite.

3. Some affixes may be polysemic. 4. Some affixes are synonymous.

5. Most of the prefixes may change the part of speech of the root they are attached to. Yet this is seldom the case with suffixes.

6. Suffixes usually do not affect the stress of the word they are attached to. Yet some prefixes may do.

prejudgment,

reconnection,

underdeveloped,

7. Suffixes not only change the meaning of the roots or bases to which they are attached, but also change their word classes.

Read the following compounds, and then guess their meanings.

1. American cloth 2. British warm 3. French leave

美产布料 厚呢短大衣 不辞而别 西班牙运动员

彩色漆布 英国式的暖日 法式告别 吹牛者 中国版本 土耳其式狂欢 玉米粉 荷兰招待方式

4.Spanish athlete 5. Chinese copy 6. Turkish delight 7. Indian meal 8. Dutch treat

与原物一模一样的复制品 土耳其软糖 印度大餐 各付己帐

Decide whether the statements below are true or false.

a. Compounding are words formed by combining affixes and roots.

b. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately.

c. As a rule, the stress of compounds usually falls on the first element.

d. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the roots.

e. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure cannot be changed.

Form compounds using the following either as the first or the second

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