高考英语专题讲座-阅读理解—说明文类(2)

D.$400

这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：

1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。

2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。 一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容? 1.短文的标题（title,headline）；? 2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；? 3.中心思想(main idea)；? 4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。?? 二、此类题的设问方式?

1.What would be the best title for the text?? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?? 3.What is the passage mainly about??

4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.? 考点三、推理推断。

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。?

此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：?

1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.? 2.What can be inferred from the Passage??

3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?? 4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.? 5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.? 6.The writer implies that__________.? 7.It can be inferred that__________.?

8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.? 9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.? 10.From the text we can conclude that__________.?

11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.? 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________.?

14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.? 15.What?s the writer?s attitude/feeling towards...?? 16.In the writer?s opinion,...? 考点四、词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。? 此类题的设问方式主要有?

1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...? 2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...?

3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...?

4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

1.定义法。如:

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.

从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。 2.同位法。如:

They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 3.对比法。如:

She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。

4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:

Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如：

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。

体验高考

1.[2017·北京卷]

D

Hollywood\'s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish

to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

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