高考英语专题讲座-阅读理解—说明文类

专题9 阅读理解——说明文类

方法与技巧

题型介绍：

材料特点这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：1. 文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2. 句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3. 常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

命题形式：

命题特点科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

方法概述

高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐?而科普类文章往往具有跨学科?行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握? 【试题特点】

① 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象?

② 贴近学生的学习?生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用? ③ 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析?解决实际问题的能力?

(4)

科学方法图示判断题

科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关学—科—网系为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。

命题方式

考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。?

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问? 1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned?? 3.All of the following are true except...?

4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？

1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：

A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.

This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

Q：Hoover Dam lies______ . A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon

C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。 2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.

Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.

“It?s really a hard job for me.I won?t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I?d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

Q：Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。

3、数据推算。

If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ . A.$100

B.$300

C.$350

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