三、结构式论文摘要写作的注意事项
1.文辞力求简明易懂，不能含糊及重复。除了已规范化的缩略语(如DNA)外,首次用缩略语之前须将英文全称列出。
2.英文所用时态需与事情发生时间相一致，叙述基本规律时可用现在时。叙述研究对象、方法和结果时，用过去时。
四、结构式论文摘要举例
Objective: To evaluate the perinatal and 2-year outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) during the second trimester. Methods: Fifty-three consecutive singleton pregnancies with PROM at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied retrospectively. Management goals were to prolong the pregnancies to 32 weeks through expectant management and to avoid fetal compromise through closer monitoring and active intervention, when necessary, after 23 weeks. Outcome of the surviving infants was based on neurologic, audiometric, and ophthalmologic examinations at 2 years of corrected age. Results: Rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks (mean 17.4 weeks) in 10 wo
men, at 10～25 weeks (mean 24.0 weeks) in 24, and at 26～28 weeks (mean 27.6 weeks) in 19.The median latency periods to delivery were 72 days, 12 days, and 10 days when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively.The overall incidence of chorioamnionitis was 28%.There were no fetal deaths and nine neonatal
deaths. When rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks,and 26～28 weeks, the perinatal survival rates were 40%,92% and,100%, respectively. Pulmonary hypoplasia accounted for seven deaths. Of the live-born infants, 81% were alive at 2 years of corrected age. Survival without major impairment was observed in 75%, 80%, and 100% of the survivors when rupture of membranes occurred at 14～19 weeks, 20～25 weeks, and 26～28 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Expectant management of second-trimester PROM offers better perinatal and long-term survival than previously thought.
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