英语医学科研论文的格式和要求(2)

　　Based on the results of our studies, we believe that early cholecystectomy is indicated in patients with TPN-induced gallbladder disease. Obviously, all patients with symptomatic disease should undergo cholecystectomy unless there specific medical contraindications. These operations should be performed in a timely, elective fashion because delay may result in the need for urgent surgery and thereby, increase an already high risk. Although recent studies have suggested that cholecystectoy may not be warranted in otherwise healthy patients with asymptomatic gallbladder disease [20], we believe that this axiom does not apply to patie
nts with TPN-induced gallbladder disease. Out data suggest that the natural history of gallbladder disease in patients receiving TPN is considerably different from that of their counterparts not receiving TPN. Based on our findings, we recommend elective cholecystectomy in patients receiving TPN when gallstones first appear. Furthermore, cholecystectomy should be considered, especially in children without stones who are un
dergoing laparotomy for other reasons. [从对结果的分析及与其他研究的比较得出结论性意见，这是讨论部分最重要的内容 ] Whether TPN-induced gallstones can be prevented through daily stimulated gallbladder emptying awaits the results of further studies. [前瞻研究]

　　5）  致谢部分
 
    总的要求：Always get approval of your intention to mention someone in the acknowledgement and approval of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement, 即：致谢词和致谢方式必须征得受谢人或单位的同意。

　　6) 参考文献 

    总的要求：Reference styles should be specific to each journal, 既：根据各杂志的具体要求，因为各杂志对参考文献部分的编排顺序和格式不尽统一。

　　现将URMSBJ要求的20多种参考文献中最常见的5种格式列举如下：
 
　　1）  Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124(11): 980-3. [标准杂志文章]

　　2）  The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical excise stress testing:Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282-4. [作者是个组织]

　　3）  Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1984; 84: 15. [无作者名]

　　4）  Shen HM, Zhang QF. Risk assessment of nickel cardiogenicity and occupational lung cancer. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 Suppl 1: 275-82. [某杂志增刊]

　　5）  Browell DA, Lennard TW. Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood transfusion on antitumor responses. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993; 325-33 [无期无卷]

　　7) 插图说明

　　总的要求：Type or point out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page, 既：插图说明要另页双行打印。当插图中有箭头（arrow）、符号（symbol）、数字（number）或字母（letter）时，要在这部分（不是在插图页上）对其方向、位置等作出非常明确的说明。

　　8）插图
　　总的要求：Design your figures for the appropriate reduction, 即：插图要按杂志的版面大小比例进行压缩；不要把插图拍成照片。

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