一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定冠词 a
a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人 【Special Difficulties】 短语动词
某些动词后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词 put v. 放 put on 穿上，戴上 tak v. 拿走 take off 脱掉，摘掉
look v. 看 look at看；look for寻找；look after 照顾；look out 当心；look out of 向外看
call call at；call on；call in；call back；call for 去取某物, 去接某人；需要
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The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动 knock v. 敲 knock at敲门 knock off下班 He knocked off earlier. knock off 打折 Knock 10% off the price.
把……撞倒，如果有地点，用介词 off；无地点，用介词over knock sth. off+地点
knock the vase off the table I knocked the boy off the bicycle. knock over A car knocked the boy over.
knock out 打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语) He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.
Lesson 7 Too late
★detective n. 侦探 detective story 侦探小说 ★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地 port 港口；airport 航空港 at the airport 在机场
field 田野；airfield 停机坪 on the airfield 在停机坪上 ★expect v. 期待, 等待 ① vt.&vi. 预计，预料
Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected. 正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。 ② vt. 等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）
They are expecting guests tonight. 今晚有人要去他们那里作客。
expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思，而wait for主要接续“等待”这个动作本身。 expect sth.
I expect a letter from Jimmy.
expect sb.to do sth. 期待某人做某事 I expect you to write back.
I expect my mother to come back. wait for sth./sb. 动作上的等待 I wait for my mother. ③ vt. 认为，猜想（一般用于口语）
I expect so./I think so. 我希望如此［口语］
I expect you?ve heard the news. 我想你已经听到这个消息了。 ★valuable adj. 贵重的 ★precious adj. 珍贵的
value n.&v. 价值；valuable adj.有价值的 sth.is valuable/sth.is precious
precious adj. 珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩） precious photo 珍贵的照片 -less 表否定;
priceless adj. 没有价格的, 无价的 valueless adj. 没有价值, 不足道的 worthless adj. 无价值的
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★diamond n. 钻石 diamond ring 钻石戒指
precious stone 宝石；crystal 水晶；jade 玉 ★steal（stole，stolen） v. 偷 ① vt.&vi. 偷盗，行窃
英语中“偷”用 steal和rob来表达，宾语是物，用 steal；宾语是人，用 rob；跟地点相连，也用rob
steal sth. 偷(某物) My wallet was stolen. John never steals. 约翰从不偷东西。
rob sb. 抢(某人) I was robbed. rob the bank ② vt. 巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手
He has stolen away Mary?s heart. 他已赢得玛丽的芳心。 ③ vi. 偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近
He stole into the room. 他悄悄地进了房间。 ★main adj. 主要的
main building；main street；main sentence；main idea main不能与人连用 ★guard n. 警戒, 守卫
life guard 救生员 body guard 保镖 keep guard 守望，警戒
They kept a close guard over the thieves. 他们对小偷们严加看管。 stand guard 站岗，放哨 【课文讲解】
1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.
all一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day，all night，all week，all winter，all year等。但不说all hour。
whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如 a whole day/year，two whole weeks。
all morning=all the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚(点)了 The bus was late./The train was late.
detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人，笼统感念, 可不加some, the
2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. a valuable parcel of diamonds South Africa 南非
3、A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.
a few hours earlier 几个小时以前 = a few hours before/a few hours ago would +do 过去将来时,间接方式, 转述, 站在过去看未来
4、When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while
others were waiting on the airfield.
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代词others常常和some连用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或“有的……，其余的……”
one…the other… 一个……另一个…… some…others… 一些……另一些……
Some students are very hard-working, others are not. others=other+名词复数
5、Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House.
take sth. off…=take sth. away from…
and carried it into…carried 表示看得很重 Customs House 海关
6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!
…were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致, 长一点时间的动作用进行时态, 短时间的动作用过去时. When someone knocked at the door, I was having dinner.
keep guard 守卫 They kept a close guard over the thieves. at the door 在门边(固定搭配) two others=two other detectives to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是 To my surprise, the teacher was late. To one?s +表达人情绪的名词 to one's joy
To my joy, my mother came here yesterday. to one's excitement
To our excitement, our team wins. be full of ...装满
My bag was full of books. The cup is full of water.
【Key structures】 过去进行时
过去进行时的构成：be的过去式+现在分词
过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一
般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词 when，while，as，just as等引导。
when，while 当……时候（强调动作同时发生） while+从句, 动词一定是延续性动词 when+延续性动词/瞬间动词
while能用when代替，但是when却不一定能用while代替。while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而 when和as
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一般不这么用。
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.
Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.
when也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while和 as则一般不行。 We were having supper when the lights went out.
过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用，如 all morning，all night，all day，all evening，the whole week等，表示这段时间一直在干什么。 What were you doing all evening? I couldn?t find you anywhere. 过去动作同时发生的时态 ① 过去两个动作同时发生, 习惯上一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时；动作长用过去进行时,
动作短用一般过去时; 分工的情况, 动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时;
I was listening to the radio, my sister was dancing.
When my mother was doing the housework, my father was watching TV. ② 两个动作在同时段进行, 在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作发生, 先发生的动作
用进行时态, 另一个动作用过去时.
When I was opening the door, the telephone rang.先开门
When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响 ③ 瞬间动词（如：arrive）没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态, 瞬间动词 使用过去时态.
When he arrived, I was having dinner. I am arriving 进行时态表示将要 【Special Difficulties】 短语动词中的小品词
许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义，这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。
有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾
语的是介词，没有宾语的是副词，介词的位置相对固定，不能变动。 ① vi.&vt.+ prep./adv.+宾语(n.) She is walking up the hill. ② vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.
take off the coat =take the coat off =take it off
put on your shoes =put your shoes on =put them on I always take money with me.我身上总带些钱 Exercise
11 They have pulled down the old building. pull down… （pull
You are pulling my leg.你开我玩笑
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12 Make up your mind.
make up…--->make up one's mind 习惯用法不换,语法上可换 13 He asked for permission to leave.
ask for…-->ask (sb.) for sth. 其实是省略sb.故不可换
Lesson 8 The best and the worst
★competition n. 比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争） race n. 比赛，竞赛 car race
match n. 比赛 football match
contest n. 比赛（更广泛） baby contest 宝宝大赛；beauty contest 选美 game : 游戏, 运动 ★neat
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