微功耗超声波流量计 东北大学秦皇岛分校 自动化测控技术与仪器

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毕业设计（论文）

微功耗超声波流量计

院 别 专业名称 班级学号 学生姓名 指导教师

自动化工程系 测控技术与仪器

5080901 施旺旺 齐世清

2012年 6 月 15 日

东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 I 页

微功耗超声波流量计

摘 要

本文研究了以超声波时差法为原理的微功耗流量计，介绍了其应用范围、特点及与一般流量计相比较所具有的优势。分析了流量计的工作原理、硬件结构、软件流程、产生误差的原因和解决办法，以及在微功耗超声波流量计设计开发过程中应注意的问题。设计采用微功耗单片机（MSP430系列单片机），超声波专用收发侦测芯片TDC-GP2芯片，扩展相应的接口电路，实现流量的采集与处理。采用超声波专用收发侦测芯片TDC-GP2，外接超声波发射与接收探头，实现顺流与逆流超声波的收发，通过测量时差，得出超声波流速。时差等信息通过SPI串行口送入单片机，由单片机计算出流速，累计计算出流量。LCD显示器显示流速与流量。TDC-GP2作为高精度的时间测量芯片，不但集成了时间测量功能，还针对超声波流量计和热量表的应用提供超声波换能器驱动脉冲以及温度测量功能。相对于使用分立元件或者FPGA的超声波流量计方案，使用TDC-GP2的方案大大简化了硬件电路设计，显著降低了整机功耗，成为电路最简洁、功耗最低的超声波流量计方案。通过硬件调试和软件仿真，本微功耗超声波流量计可行且具有实际价值。

关键词：超声波，微功耗，流量计，声速补偿

东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 II 页

Micro-power ultrasonic flowmeter

Abstract

Author：Shi Wangwang

Tutor：Qi Shiqing

In this paper, we study a Micro-power flowmeter based on the principles of ultrasonic wave. Introduction of its range of applications, features, and advantages compared with the general flowmeter. Analysis the flowmeter of the hardware structure, software process works and the causes of errors and solutions, also the problems which should pay attention to during the design and development process of flowmeter. Design uses a micro-power microcontrollers (MSP430 MCU)Ultrasonic detection of specific transceiver chip TDC-GP2, the corresponding expansion of the interface circuit to achieve acquisition and processing of flow. Adopt specific detection of ultrasonic transceiver chip TDC-GP2, external transmit and receive ultrasonic probe, to achieve transceiver of downstream and Upstream ultrasonic, by measuring the time difference, obtained ultrasonic velocity. Sending the time difference and other information into the microcontroller through the SPI serial port, the microcontroller calculate flow rate and the total flow. Power-down.LCD display flow rate and total flow.TDC-GP2 is a high-precision time measurement chip which does not only integrates the time measurement function, but also provide functions for the application of ultrasonic flow meters and heat meters ultrasonic transducer driving pulse and temperature measurement capabilities. Compared with the FPGA usage of discrete components or ultrasonic flowmeter program, the TDC-GP2 program greatly simplifies the hardware design, significantly reducing the power consumption of the machine, which has becoming the most simple circuit, low-power ultrasonic flowmeter program. After hardware debugging and software simulation, we can see that the micro-power ultrasonic flowmeter is feasible and practical value.

Key Words: ultrasonic wave, Micro-power, flowmete

东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 III 页

目 录

目 录 ................................................................................................................................. III 1 绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究状况 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 课题研究方法 .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 论文的构成及研究内容 .............................................................................................. 5 2 流量计基本原理 ................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 超声波简介 .................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 基础量及流量计工作原理原理 .................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 流量测量基本量及单位 ..................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 基本工作原理 ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 时差法原理 ....................................................................................................... 10 3 系统硬件设计 ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 硬件统的总体设计系 ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 系统硬件电路模块设计 ............................................................................................ 13 3.2.1 系统控制电路模块 ........................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 时差测量电路 ................................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 超声波收发模块 ............................................................................................... 21 3.2.4 显示电路 ........................................................................................................... 22 3.2.5 键盘电路 ........................................................................................................... 23 3.2.6 数据存储模块 ................................................................................................... 24 3. 3 系统硬件电路图 ....................................................................................................... 24 4 系统软件设计 ................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................ 26 4.2 软件开发方法 ............................................................................................................ 27 4.2.1 结构化开发方法 ............................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 面对对象开发方法 ........................................................................................... 27 4.3 流量计计算软件的设计 ............................................................................................ 28

东北大学秦皇岛分校毕业设计（论文） 第 IV 页

4.4 流量计控制软件的设计 ............................................................................................ 29 5 试验及误差分析 ............................................................................................................... 31 5.1 流速测量实验 ............................................................................................................ 31 5.1.1 实验装置 ........................................................................................................... 31 5.1.2 模型简化分析 ................................................................................................... 31 5.2 结果及误差分析 ........................................................................................................ 32 结 论 ................................................................................................................................. 35 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................. 37 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................. 38 附 录 ................................................................................................................................. 39 附录A ................................................................................................................................ 39

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