管理会计（英文版）课后习题答案（高等教育出版社）chapter 16(3)

16–14 Concluded

3. Net income = 0.20Revenue/(1 – 0.40) = 0.3333Revenue

0.3333Revenue 0.3333Revenue 0.2667Revenue Revenue = Revenue(1 – 0.40) – $24,000

= 0.60Revenue – $24,000 = $24,000 = $89,989

16–15

1. 2.

Company A: $100,000/$50,000 = 2 Company B: $300,000/$50,000 = 6 Company A X = $50,000/(1 – 0.80) X = $50,000/0.20 X = $250,000

Company B X = $250,000/(1 – 0.40) X = $250,000/0.60 X = $416,667

Company B must sell more than Company A to break even because it must cover $200,000 more in fixed costs (it is more highly leveraged).

3. Company A: 2 ? 50% = 100% Company B: 6 ? 50% = 300%

The percentage increase in profits for Company B is much higher than Com-pany A’s increase because Company B has a higher degree of operating leve-rage (i.e., it has a larger amount of fixed costs in proportion to variable costs

as compared to Company A). Once fixed costs are covered, additional reve-nue must cover only variable costs, and 60 percent of Company B’s revenue above break-even is profit, whereas only 20 percent of Company A’s revenue above break-even is profit.

533

16–16

1.

Product Scientific Business Total Variable Units in Package Price* – Cost = CM ? Mix = CM $25 $12 $13 1 $13 20 9 11 5 55 $68 *$500,000/20,000 = $25

$2,000,000/100,000 = $20

X = ($1,080,000 + $145,000)/$68 X = $1,225,000/$68 X = 18,015 packages

18,015 scientific calculators (1 ? 18,015) 90,075 business calculators (5 ? 18,015)

2. Revenue = $1,225,000/0.544* = $2,251,838

*($1,360,000/$2,500,000) = 0.544

534

16–17

1. 2.

Sales mix is 2:1 (Twice as many videos are sold as equipment sets.) Product Videos

Equipment sets Total

Variable Price – Cost = $12 $4 15 6

Sales

CM ? Mix = Total CM $8 2 $16 9 1 9 $25

Break-even packages = $70,000/$25 = 2,800 Break-even videos = 2 ? 2,800 = 5,600

Break-even equipment sets = 1 ? 2,800 = 2,800

Switzer Company Income Statement For Last Year

$ 195,000 70,000 $ 125,000 70,000 $ 55,000 3.

Sales .......................................................................................... Less: Variable costs ................................................................. Contribution margin ................................................................. Less: Fixed costs ..................................................................... Operating income ................................................................

Contribution margin ratio = $125,000/$195,000 = 0.641, or 64.1% Break-even sales revenue = $70,000/0.641 = $109,204

4. Margin of safety = $195,000 – $109,204 = $85,796

535

16–18

1. Sales mix is 2:1:4 (Twice as many videos will be sold as equipment sets, and

four times as many yoga mats will be sold as equipment sets.) 2. Variable Sales Product Price – Cost = CM ? Mix = Total CM Videos $12 $ 4 $8 2 $16 Equipment sets 15 6 9 1 9 Yoga mats 18 13 5 4 20 Total $45

Break-even packages = $118,350/$45 = 2,630 Break-even videos = 2 ? 2,630 = 5,260

Break-even equipment sets = 1 ? 2,630 = 2,630 Break-even yoga mats = 4 ? 2,630 = 10,520

Switzer Company Income Statement For the Coming Year

$555,000 330,000 $225,000 118,350 $106,650 3.

Sales .......................................................................................... Less: Variable costs ................................................................. Contribution margin ................................................................. Less: Fixed costs ..................................................................... Operating income ................................................................

Contribution margin ratio = $225,000/$555,000 = 0.4054, or 40.54% Break-even revenue = $118,350/0.4054 = $291,934

4. Margin of safety = $555,000 – $291,934 = $263,066

536

16–19

1. Contribution margin/unit = $410,000/100,000 = $4.10 Contribution margin ratio = $410,000/$650,000 = 0.6308 Break-even units = $295,200/$4.10 = 72,000 units

Break-even revenue = 72,000 ? $6.50 = $468,000 or = $295,200/0.6308 = $467,977*

*Difference due to rounding error in calculating the contribution margin ratio.

2. The break-even point decreases:

X = $295,200/(P – V)

X = $295,200/($7.15 – $2.40) X = $295,200/$4.75 X = 62,147 units

Revenue = 62,147 ? $7.15 = $444,351

3. The break-even point increases:

X = $295,200/($6.50 – $2.75) X = $295,200/$3.75 X = 78,720 units

Revenue = 78,720 ? $6.50 = $511,680

537

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