2017年6月英语四级考试真题及答案解析版(第3套)(2)

【答案】J

【解析】由“Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction---employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices.”可知，答案为J。

40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture. 【答案】G

【解析】由“Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.”可知，答案为G。

41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

【答案】A

【解析】由“But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.”可知，答案为A。

42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.

【答案】F

【解析】由“If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.”可知，答案为F。

43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

【答案】E

【解析】由“The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary... But don’t count on it.””可知，答案为E。

44. To ensure employee’s commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

【答案】I

【解析】由“A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.”可知，答案为I。

45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.

【答案】C

【解析】由“Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.”可知，答案为C。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Urbanization — migration away from the suburbs to the central city — will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.

The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.

As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities”，more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city”，and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural amenities.”

Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials （千禧一代），will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.

This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents’ footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the urban core. The survey projects that this population cohort will evolve and segment over time, and warns against painting the generation with too broad a brush. Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.

The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “upcycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate “bubble”，the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.

Some respondents to the Emerging Markets survey call the urbanization trend “oversubscribed”，and the report concedes that there do exist some edge cities and suburbs with promise. But these places are few and far between. The most successful places are those built using urban-design principles — with density, walkability, and good transit.

Real-estate investors in 2015 need to pay attention to the two main conclusion of the report: if a property resembles or relies upon sprawl in any way, or doesn’t appeal to Millennials, think before you invest.

46. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness A) an accelerating speed B) a shift to city centers C) a new focus on small cities D) an ever-increasing demand 【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词real estate development in 2015可定位至第一段。 47. What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York? A) People can live without private care. B) People are generally more competitive. C) People can employ services around the clock. D) People are in harmony with the environment. 【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词24-hour cities和New York可定位至第三段。 48. Why are Millennials are reluctant to buy a house? A) They can only afford small apartments. B) The house prices are currently too high. C) Their parents，bad experience still haunts them. D) They feel attached to the suburban environment.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词Millennials和buy a house可定位第四段。 49. What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.? A) The continuing economic recession in the country. B) The lack of confidence on the part of investors. C) The fierce global competition. D) The worsening infrastructure. 【答案】D

【解析】根据题干关键词hinder和real estate development可定位至第六、七段。 50. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?

A) Pessimistic. B) Hopeful. C) Cautious. D) Uncertain. 【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词respondents和real-estate market in 2015可定位至第八段。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The brain is truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full”？

The answer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated than that. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows that instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.

And most of us will be able to identify with the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where

you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly susceptible to interference.

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled. The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated. A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.

Some report an inability to think about the present or the future, because of the feeling of constantly living in the past, caught in their memories. And this is what we all might experience if our brains didn’t have a mechanism for superseding information that’s no longer relevant and did indeed fill up.

At the other end of the spectrum is a phenomenon called “accelerated long-term forgetting”，which has been observed in epilepsy and stroke patients. As the name suggests, these people forget newly learnt information at a much faster rate, sometimes within a few hours, compared to what’s considered normal.

It’s believed this represents a failure to “consolidate” or transfer new memories into long-term memory. But the processes and impact of this form of forgetting are still largely unexplored.

In a sense，forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.

51.What have past behavioural studies found about our brain? A) Its capacity actually knows no limits. B) It grows sophisticated with practice.

C) It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end. D) New information learned pushes old information out. 【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的关键词past behavioural studies可定位至第三段。 52. What is the benefit of forgetting? A) It frees us from painful memories. B) It helps slow down our aging process.

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